First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction
Abstract Background The major malaria vector in Sri Lanka is reported to be Anopheles culicifacies with Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles annularis, and Anopheles varuna considered as potential vectors. The occurrence of Anopheles stephensi, which is the key vector of urban malaria in India and the Mid...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fe5f36a795ea4bb68add9db3aae04953 2023-05-15T15:17:15+02:00 First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction A. G. Gayan Dharmasiri A. Yashan Perera Jeevanie Harishchandra Hemantha Herath Kandasamy Aravindan H. T. R. Jayasooriya Gaya R. Ranawaka Mihirini Hewavitharane 2017-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 https://doaj.org/article/fe5f36a795ea4bb68add9db3aae04953 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/fe5f36a795ea4bb68add9db3aae04953 Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017) Anopheles stephensi Malaria Prevention of malaria re-introduction Sri Lanka Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 2022-12-31T11:08:44Z Abstract Background The major malaria vector in Sri Lanka is reported to be Anopheles culicifacies with Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles annularis, and Anopheles varuna considered as potential vectors. The occurrence of Anopheles stephensi, which is the key vector of urban malaria in India and the Middle East, had never been reported from Sri Lanka. Methods A series of entomological investigations were carried out by the Anti Malaria Campaign, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka during December 2016 to April 2017 in two localities of the Mannar District in the Northern Province of the country. Adult mosquito collections were done through indoor and outdoor resting collections, animal and human biting collections and emergence traps. Potential mosquito breeding sites were investigated through larval surveys. The larvae and adults of An. stephensi were initially identified using morphological keys, and subsequently confirmed by sequencing the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. Results This is the first report of the presence of An. stephensi in the island of Mannar in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. Anopheles stephensi (36.65%) was the most abundant anopheline species in the larval habitats in Mannar. It was found breeding together with An. culicifacies (20.7%), An. subpictus (13.5%) and An. varuna (28.13%). Anopheles stephensi was found to be abundantly breeding in built wells used for domestic purposes. Adult females of An. stephensi were observed in emergence trap collections (93.9%), human landing catches all night (79.2%), pyrethrum spray sheet collections (38.6%), outdoor collections (8.3%), donkey-baited trap collections (14.3), and cattle-baited net trap collections (0.7%). Conclusions Sri Lanka was certified as malaria-free by the WHO in September 2016, however, this new finding may pose a serious challenge to the efforts of the Ministry of Health to prevent the re-introduction of malaria transmission in the country, considering the role that An. stephensi could play in urban and high ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Varuna ENVELOPE(11.737,11.737,-70.769,-70.769) Malaria Journal 16 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Anopheles stephensi Malaria Prevention of malaria re-introduction Sri Lanka Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Anopheles stephensi Malaria Prevention of malaria re-introduction Sri Lanka Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 A. G. Gayan Dharmasiri A. Yashan Perera Jeevanie Harishchandra Hemantha Herath Kandasamy Aravindan H. T. R. Jayasooriya Gaya R. Ranawaka Mihirini Hewavitharane First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction |
topic_facet |
Anopheles stephensi Malaria Prevention of malaria re-introduction Sri Lanka Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background The major malaria vector in Sri Lanka is reported to be Anopheles culicifacies with Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles annularis, and Anopheles varuna considered as potential vectors. The occurrence of Anopheles stephensi, which is the key vector of urban malaria in India and the Middle East, had never been reported from Sri Lanka. Methods A series of entomological investigations were carried out by the Anti Malaria Campaign, Ministry of Health, Sri Lanka during December 2016 to April 2017 in two localities of the Mannar District in the Northern Province of the country. Adult mosquito collections were done through indoor and outdoor resting collections, animal and human biting collections and emergence traps. Potential mosquito breeding sites were investigated through larval surveys. The larvae and adults of An. stephensi were initially identified using morphological keys, and subsequently confirmed by sequencing the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. Results This is the first report of the presence of An. stephensi in the island of Mannar in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka. Anopheles stephensi (36.65%) was the most abundant anopheline species in the larval habitats in Mannar. It was found breeding together with An. culicifacies (20.7%), An. subpictus (13.5%) and An. varuna (28.13%). Anopheles stephensi was found to be abundantly breeding in built wells used for domestic purposes. Adult females of An. stephensi were observed in emergence trap collections (93.9%), human landing catches all night (79.2%), pyrethrum spray sheet collections (38.6%), outdoor collections (8.3%), donkey-baited trap collections (14.3), and cattle-baited net trap collections (0.7%). Conclusions Sri Lanka was certified as malaria-free by the WHO in September 2016, however, this new finding may pose a serious challenge to the efforts of the Ministry of Health to prevent the re-introduction of malaria transmission in the country, considering the role that An. stephensi could play in urban and high ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. G. Gayan Dharmasiri A. Yashan Perera Jeevanie Harishchandra Hemantha Herath Kandasamy Aravindan H. T. R. Jayasooriya Gaya R. Ranawaka Mihirini Hewavitharane |
author_facet |
A. G. Gayan Dharmasiri A. Yashan Perera Jeevanie Harishchandra Hemantha Herath Kandasamy Aravindan H. T. R. Jayasooriya Gaya R. Ranawaka Mihirini Hewavitharane |
author_sort |
A. G. Gayan Dharmasiri |
title |
First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction |
title_short |
First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction |
title_full |
First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction |
title_fullStr |
First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction |
title_full_unstemmed |
First record of Anopheles stephensi in Sri Lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction |
title_sort |
first record of anopheles stephensi in sri lanka: a potential challenge for prevention of malaria reintroduction |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 https://doaj.org/article/fe5f36a795ea4bb68add9db3aae04953 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(11.737,11.737,-70.769,-70.769) |
geographic |
Arctic Varuna |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Varuna |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/fe5f36a795ea4bb68add9db3aae04953 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-1977-7 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766347504192847872 |