Asylstrømmen fra Russland til Norge i 2015: Bevisst russisk politikk?

• Published in: Nordisk Østforum
• Main Authors: Arild Moe, Lars Rowe
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Danish; Norwegian Bokmål; Swedish
• Published: Cappelen Damm Akademisk NOASP 2016
• Subjects: migration; hybrid warfare; Russia; border regime; asylum; Norway; Geography (General); G1-922; Arctic; Russland
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.17585/nof.v30.432; https://doaj.org/article/fe588a27cc394ade9f25433861d736ed

In the autumn of 2015, 5500 migrants traveling through Russia along the “Arctic route” applied for political asylum in Norway. Some observers claimed that Russia deliberately channeled migrants towards the north with the purpose of destabilizing Norway and that Russia had changed procedures in their border zone to facilitate the wave of migrants. In this article we briefly discuss the hybrid warfare theory and assess alternative explanations that might account for the sudden increase in migrants. Detailing formal and informal practices in the Norwegian-Russian border regime we argue that Russian practices were not altered in any significant way in 2015, but that the Norwegian side had an incorrect impression of the Russian border regime being more restrictive than it really was. Finland was in a similar situation. The most convincing explanation for the wave of asylum-seekers is the self-interest of migrants who found a cheaper and less risky route. Both in Norway and Finland the border regimes were tightened as a consequence of the increased migration, however. As a result, their policies became more aligned with Russian priorities.