A Synthesis of Exchanges Through the Main Oceanic Gateways to the Arctic Ocean

• Main Authors: Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller, Rebecca A. Woodgate, Craig Lee, Humfrey Melling, Michael Karcher
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: The Oceanography Society 2011
• Subjects: Arctic Ocean; International Polar Year; IPY; oceanic gateways; ocean flux estimates; Oceanography; GC1-1581; Arctic; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://doaj.org/article/fe4ef126817a482582c1155d6d2a92f5

In recent decades, the Arctic Ocean has changed dramatically. Exchanges through the main oceanic gateways indicate two main processes of global climatic importance—poleward oceanic heat flux into the Arctic Ocean and export of freshwater toward the North Atlantic. Since the 1990s, in particular during the International Polar Year (2007–2009), extensive observational efforts were undertaken to monitor volume, heat, and freshwater fluxes between the Arctic Ocean and the subpolar seas on scales from daily to multiyear. This paper reviews present-day estimates of oceanic fluxes and reports on technological advances and existing challenges in measuring exchanges through the main oceanic gateways to the Arctic.