Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings
In order to quantify the relative importance of individual boundary conditions and forcings, including greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and Earth's orbital parameters, on determining Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate, we have performed a series of LGM experiments using a state-of-the-art climate...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fe3a952267eb45ed8a33fcc58dce4549 2023-12-03T10:08:53+01:00 Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings X. Shi M. Werner H. Yang R. D'Agostino J. Liu C. Yang G. Lohmann 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 https://doaj.org/article/fe3a952267eb45ed8a33fcc58dce4549 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/19/2157/2023/cp-19-2157-2023.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://doaj.org/article/fe3a952267eb45ed8a33fcc58dce4549 Climate of the Past, Vol 19, Pp 2157-2175 (2023) Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 2023-11-05T01:38:18Z In order to quantify the relative importance of individual boundary conditions and forcings, including greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and Earth's orbital parameters, on determining Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate, we have performed a series of LGM experiments using a state-of-the-art climate model AWI-ESM, in which different combinations of boundary conditions and forcings have been applied following the protocol of Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). In good agreement with observational proxy records, a general colder and drier climate is simulated in our full-forced LGM experiment as compared to the present-day simulation. Our simulated results from non-full-forced sensitivity simulations reveal that both the greenhouse gases and ice sheets play a major role in defining the anomalous LGM surface temperature compared to today. Decreased greenhouse gases in LGM as compared to present day leads to a non-uniform global cooling with polar amplification effect. The presence of LGM ice sheets favors a warming over the Arctic and northern Atlantic oceans in boreal winter, as well as a cooling over regions with the presence of ice sheets. The former is induced by a strengthening in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) transporting more heat to high latitudes, whilst the latter is due to the increased surface albedo and elevation of ice sheets. We find that the Northern Hemisphere monsoon precipitation is influenced by the opposing effects of LGM greenhouse gases and ice sheets. Specifically, the presence of ice sheets leads to significant drying in the Northern Hemisphere monsoon regions, while a reduction in greenhouse gases results in increased monsoon rainfall. Based on our model results, continental ice sheets exert a major control on atmospheric dynamics and the variability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Moreover, our analysis also implies a nonlinearity in climate response to LGM boundary conditions and forcings. Article in Journal/Newspaper albedo Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Climate of the Past 19 11 2157 2175 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
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Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 X. Shi M. Werner H. Yang R. D'Agostino J. Liu C. Yang G. Lohmann Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
topic_facet |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
In order to quantify the relative importance of individual boundary conditions and forcings, including greenhouse gases, ice sheets, and Earth's orbital parameters, on determining Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) climate, we have performed a series of LGM experiments using a state-of-the-art climate model AWI-ESM, in which different combinations of boundary conditions and forcings have been applied following the protocol of Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4). In good agreement with observational proxy records, a general colder and drier climate is simulated in our full-forced LGM experiment as compared to the present-day simulation. Our simulated results from non-full-forced sensitivity simulations reveal that both the greenhouse gases and ice sheets play a major role in defining the anomalous LGM surface temperature compared to today. Decreased greenhouse gases in LGM as compared to present day leads to a non-uniform global cooling with polar amplification effect. The presence of LGM ice sheets favors a warming over the Arctic and northern Atlantic oceans in boreal winter, as well as a cooling over regions with the presence of ice sheets. The former is induced by a strengthening in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) transporting more heat to high latitudes, whilst the latter is due to the increased surface albedo and elevation of ice sheets. We find that the Northern Hemisphere monsoon precipitation is influenced by the opposing effects of LGM greenhouse gases and ice sheets. Specifically, the presence of ice sheets leads to significant drying in the Northern Hemisphere monsoon regions, while a reduction in greenhouse gases results in increased monsoon rainfall. Based on our model results, continental ice sheets exert a major control on atmospheric dynamics and the variability of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Moreover, our analysis also implies a nonlinearity in climate response to LGM boundary conditions and forcings. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
X. Shi M. Werner H. Yang R. D'Agostino J. Liu C. Yang G. Lohmann |
author_facet |
X. Shi M. Werner H. Yang R. D'Agostino J. Liu C. Yang G. Lohmann |
author_sort |
X. Shi |
title |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_short |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_full |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_fullStr |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_full_unstemmed |
Unraveling the complexities of the Last Glacial Maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
title_sort |
unraveling the complexities of the last glacial maximum climate: the role of individual boundary conditions and forcings |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 https://doaj.org/article/fe3a952267eb45ed8a33fcc58dce4549 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
albedo Arctic |
genre_facet |
albedo Arctic |
op_source |
Climate of the Past, Vol 19, Pp 2157-2175 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/19/2157/2023/cp-19-2157-2023.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://doaj.org/article/fe3a952267eb45ed8a33fcc58dce4549 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2157-2023 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
2157 |
op_container_end_page |
2175 |
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