The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments
Gram-negative Antarctic bacteria adopt survival strategies to live and proliferate in an extremely cold environment. Unusual chemical modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the main component of their outer membrane are among the tricks adopted to allow the maintenance of an optimum membr...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fdf0bd935147488fbe31644434026f96 2023-05-15T13:52:23+02:00 The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments Flaviana Di Lorenzo Francesca Crisafi Violetta La Cono Michail M. Yakimov Antonio Molinaro Alba Silipo 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 https://doaj.org/article/fdf0bd935147488fbe31644434026f96 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/592 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397 doi:10.3390/md18120592 1660-3397 https://doaj.org/article/fdf0bd935147488fbe31644434026f96 Marine Drugs, Vol 18, Iss 592, p 592 (2020) psychrophiles Antarctic bacteria Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A structural characterization MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 2022-12-30T19:50:23Z Gram-negative Antarctic bacteria adopt survival strategies to live and proliferate in an extremely cold environment. Unusual chemical modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the main component of their outer membrane are among the tricks adopted to allow the maintenance of an optimum membrane fluidity even at particularly low temperatures. In particular, the LPS’ glycolipid moiety, the lipid A, typically undergoes several structural modifications comprising desaturation of the acyl chains, reduction in their length and increase in their branching. The investigation of the structure of the lipid A from cold-adapted bacteria is, therefore, crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the cold adaptation phenomenon. Here we describe the structural elucidation of the highly heterogenous lipid A from three psychrophiles isolated from Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. All the lipid A structures have been determined by merging data that was attained from the compositional analysis with information from a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS 2 investigation. As lipid A is also involved in a structure-dependent elicitation of innate immune response in mammals, the structural characterization of lipid A from such extremophile bacteria is also of great interest from the perspective of drug synthesis and development inspired by natural sources. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Terra Nova Bay Marine Drugs 18 12 592 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
psychrophiles Antarctic bacteria Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A structural characterization MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
psychrophiles Antarctic bacteria Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A structural characterization MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Flaviana Di Lorenzo Francesca Crisafi Violetta La Cono Michail M. Yakimov Antonio Molinaro Alba Silipo The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
topic_facet |
psychrophiles Antarctic bacteria Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) lipid A structural characterization MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Gram-negative Antarctic bacteria adopt survival strategies to live and proliferate in an extremely cold environment. Unusual chemical modifications of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the main component of their outer membrane are among the tricks adopted to allow the maintenance of an optimum membrane fluidity even at particularly low temperatures. In particular, the LPS’ glycolipid moiety, the lipid A, typically undergoes several structural modifications comprising desaturation of the acyl chains, reduction in their length and increase in their branching. The investigation of the structure of the lipid A from cold-adapted bacteria is, therefore, crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying the cold adaptation phenomenon. Here we describe the structural elucidation of the highly heterogenous lipid A from three psychrophiles isolated from Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. All the lipid A structures have been determined by merging data that was attained from the compositional analysis with information from a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and MS 2 investigation. As lipid A is also involved in a structure-dependent elicitation of innate immune response in mammals, the structural characterization of lipid A from such extremophile bacteria is also of great interest from the perspective of drug synthesis and development inspired by natural sources. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Flaviana Di Lorenzo Francesca Crisafi Violetta La Cono Michail M. Yakimov Antonio Molinaro Alba Silipo |
author_facet |
Flaviana Di Lorenzo Francesca Crisafi Violetta La Cono Michail M. Yakimov Antonio Molinaro Alba Silipo |
author_sort |
Flaviana Di Lorenzo |
title |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_short |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_full |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_fullStr |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Structure of the Lipid A of Gram-Negative Cold-Adapted Bacteria Isolated from Antarctic Environments |
title_sort |
structure of the lipid a of gram-negative cold-adapted bacteria isolated from antarctic environments |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 https://doaj.org/article/fdf0bd935147488fbe31644434026f96 |
geographic |
Antarctic Terra Nova Bay |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Terra Nova Bay |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica |
op_source |
Marine Drugs, Vol 18, Iss 592, p 592 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/12/592 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397 doi:10.3390/md18120592 1660-3397 https://doaj.org/article/fdf0bd935147488fbe31644434026f96 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md18120592 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
592 |
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1766256668890365952 |