Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray
Background: Over 90,000 residents had to be evacuated from Fort McMurray (FMM), Alberta, Canada due to the wildfire that engulfed the city in May 2016. Overall, about 2400 homes or 10% of the housing stock in Fort McMurray were destroyed. The fire consumed about 200,000 hectors of forest, reaching i...
Published in: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159759 https://doaj.org/article/fcd5110df9044efc98f4fa318cb82414 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fcd5110df9044efc98f4fa318cb82414 2023-05-15T16:17:34+02:00 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray Wanying Mao Medard Adu Ejemai Eboreime Reham Shalaby Nnamdi Nkire Belinda Agyapong Hannah Pazderka Gloria Obuobi-Donkor Ernest Owusu Folajinmi Oluwasina Yanbo Zhang Vincent I. O. Agyapong 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159759 https://doaj.org/article/fcd5110df9044efc98f4fa318cb82414 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9759 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 doi:10.3390/ijerph19159759 1660-4601 1661-7827 https://doaj.org/article/fcd5110df9044efc98f4fa318cb82414 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 9759, p 9759 (2022) MDD PTSD wildfire natural disaster trauma mental health Medicine R article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159759 2022-12-30T21:13:52Z Background: Over 90,000 residents had to be evacuated from Fort McMurray (FMM), Alberta, Canada due to the wildfire that engulfed the city in May 2016. Overall, about 2400 homes or 10% of the housing stock in Fort McMurray were destroyed. The fire consumed about 200,000 hectors of forest, reaching into Saskatchewan. During major disasters, communities’ infrastructure is disrupted, and psychological, economic, and environmental effects are felt for years afterwards. Objective: Five years after the wildfire disaster, this study assessed the prevalence rate of major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Fort McMurray residents and determined the demographic, clinical, and other risk factors of probable MDD and PTSD. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data through an online questionnaire administered via REDCap between 24 April and 2 June 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the presence of MDD symptoms in respondents. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-C) was used to assess likely PTSD in respondents. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate regression analyses were employed. Results: 186 out of 249 individuals who accessed the survey link completed it (74.7% response rate). The median age of the subscribers was 42. The sample included a majority of 159 (85.5%) females; 98 (52.7%) > 40 years of age; 175 (94.1%) employed; and 132 (71%) in a relationship. The overall prevalence of MDD symptoms in our study sample was 45.0% (76). Four variables independently predicted MDD symptoms in the multivariate logistic regression model, including: unemployed (OR = 12.39; 95% CI: 1.21–126.37), have received a mental diagnosis of MDD (OR = 4.50; 95% CI: 1.57−12.92), taking sedative-hypnotics (OR = 5.27; 95% CI: 1.01−27.39), and willingness to receive mental health counseling (OR = 4.90; 95% CI: 1.95–12.31). The prevalence of likely PTSD among our respondents was 39.6% (65). Three independent variables: received a mental ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Fort McMurray Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Canada Fort McMurray International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 15 9759 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
MDD PTSD wildfire natural disaster trauma mental health Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
MDD PTSD wildfire natural disaster trauma mental health Medicine R Wanying Mao Medard Adu Ejemai Eboreime Reham Shalaby Nnamdi Nkire Belinda Agyapong Hannah Pazderka Gloria Obuobi-Donkor Ernest Owusu Folajinmi Oluwasina Yanbo Zhang Vincent I. O. Agyapong Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray |
topic_facet |
MDD PTSD wildfire natural disaster trauma mental health Medicine R |
description |
Background: Over 90,000 residents had to be evacuated from Fort McMurray (FMM), Alberta, Canada due to the wildfire that engulfed the city in May 2016. Overall, about 2400 homes or 10% of the housing stock in Fort McMurray were destroyed. The fire consumed about 200,000 hectors of forest, reaching into Saskatchewan. During major disasters, communities’ infrastructure is disrupted, and psychological, economic, and environmental effects are felt for years afterwards. Objective: Five years after the wildfire disaster, this study assessed the prevalence rate of major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Fort McMurray residents and determined the demographic, clinical, and other risk factors of probable MDD and PTSD. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data through an online questionnaire administered via REDCap between 24 April and 2 June 2021. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the presence of MDD symptoms in respondents. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-C) was used to assess likely PTSD in respondents. Descriptive, univariate, and multivariate regression analyses were employed. Results: 186 out of 249 individuals who accessed the survey link completed it (74.7% response rate). The median age of the subscribers was 42. The sample included a majority of 159 (85.5%) females; 98 (52.7%) > 40 years of age; 175 (94.1%) employed; and 132 (71%) in a relationship. The overall prevalence of MDD symptoms in our study sample was 45.0% (76). Four variables independently predicted MDD symptoms in the multivariate logistic regression model, including: unemployed (OR = 12.39; 95% CI: 1.21–126.37), have received a mental diagnosis of MDD (OR = 4.50; 95% CI: 1.57−12.92), taking sedative-hypnotics (OR = 5.27; 95% CI: 1.01−27.39), and willingness to receive mental health counseling (OR = 4.90; 95% CI: 1.95–12.31). The prevalence of likely PTSD among our respondents was 39.6% (65). Three independent variables: received a mental ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Wanying Mao Medard Adu Ejemai Eboreime Reham Shalaby Nnamdi Nkire Belinda Agyapong Hannah Pazderka Gloria Obuobi-Donkor Ernest Owusu Folajinmi Oluwasina Yanbo Zhang Vincent I. O. Agyapong |
author_facet |
Wanying Mao Medard Adu Ejemai Eboreime Reham Shalaby Nnamdi Nkire Belinda Agyapong Hannah Pazderka Gloria Obuobi-Donkor Ernest Owusu Folajinmi Oluwasina Yanbo Zhang Vincent I. O. Agyapong |
author_sort |
Wanying Mao |
title |
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray |
title_short |
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray |
title_full |
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray |
title_fullStr |
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray |
title_full_unstemmed |
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Wildfires: A Fifth-Year Postdisaster Evaluation among Residents of Fort McMurray |
title_sort |
post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and wildfires: a fifth-year postdisaster evaluation among residents of fort mcmurray |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159759 https://doaj.org/article/fcd5110df9044efc98f4fa318cb82414 |
geographic |
Canada Fort McMurray |
geographic_facet |
Canada Fort McMurray |
genre |
Fort McMurray |
genre_facet |
Fort McMurray |
op_source |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 9759, p 9759 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9759 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 doi:10.3390/ijerph19159759 1660-4601 1661-7827 https://doaj.org/article/fcd5110df9044efc98f4fa318cb82414 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159759 |
container_title |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
15 |
container_start_page |
9759 |
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1766003442531172352 |