Safe in My Garden: Reduction of Mainstream Flow and Turbulence by Macroalgal Assemblages and Implications for Refugia of Calcifying Organisms From Ocean Acidification
Macroalgae, with their various morphologies, are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans and provide ecosystem services to a multitude of organisms. Water motion is a fundamental physical parameter controlling the mass transfer of dissolved carbon and nutrients to and from the macroalgal surface, b...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fc9099a46442490ab08dab8e7cc6a074 2023-05-15T17:50:46+02:00 Safe in My Garden: Reduction of Mainstream Flow and Turbulence by Macroalgal Assemblages and Implications for Refugia of Calcifying Organisms From Ocean Acidification Louise Kregting Damon Britton Craig N. Mundy Catriona L. Hurd 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.693695 https://doaj.org/article/fc9099a46442490ab08dab8e7cc6a074 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.693695/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.693695 https://doaj.org/article/fc9099a46442490ab08dab8e7cc6a074 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) functional forms canopies seaweeds currents waves hydrodynamics Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.693695 2022-12-31T05:49:05Z Macroalgae, with their various morphologies, are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans and provide ecosystem services to a multitude of organisms. Water motion is a fundamental physical parameter controlling the mass transfer of dissolved carbon and nutrients to and from the macroalgal surface, but measurements of flow speed and turbulence within and above macroalgal canopies are lacking. This information is becoming increasingly important as macroalgal canopies may act as refugia for calcifying organisms from ocean acidification (OA); and the extent to which they act as refugia is driven by water motion. Here we report on a field campaign to assess the flow speed and turbulence within and above natural macroalgal canopies at two depths (3 and 6 m) and two sites (Ninepin Point and Tinderbox) in Tasmania, Australia in relation to the canopy height and % cover of functional forms. Filamentous groups made up the greatest proportion (75%) at both sites and depth while foliose groups were more prevalent at 3 than at 6 m. Irrespective of background flows, depth or site, flow speeds within the canopies were <0.03 m s–1 – a ∼90% reduction in flow speeds compared to above the canopy. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) within the canopies was up to two orders of magnitude lower (<0.008 m2 s–2) than above the canopies, with higher levels of TKE within the canopy at 3 compared to 6 m. The significant damping effect of flow and turbulence by macroalgae highlights the potential of these ecosystems to provide a refugia for vulnerable calcifying species to OA. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
functional forms canopies seaweeds currents waves hydrodynamics Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
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functional forms canopies seaweeds currents waves hydrodynamics Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Louise Kregting Damon Britton Craig N. Mundy Catriona L. Hurd Safe in My Garden: Reduction of Mainstream Flow and Turbulence by Macroalgal Assemblages and Implications for Refugia of Calcifying Organisms From Ocean Acidification |
topic_facet |
functional forms canopies seaweeds currents waves hydrodynamics Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Macroalgae, with their various morphologies, are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans and provide ecosystem services to a multitude of organisms. Water motion is a fundamental physical parameter controlling the mass transfer of dissolved carbon and nutrients to and from the macroalgal surface, but measurements of flow speed and turbulence within and above macroalgal canopies are lacking. This information is becoming increasingly important as macroalgal canopies may act as refugia for calcifying organisms from ocean acidification (OA); and the extent to which they act as refugia is driven by water motion. Here we report on a field campaign to assess the flow speed and turbulence within and above natural macroalgal canopies at two depths (3 and 6 m) and two sites (Ninepin Point and Tinderbox) in Tasmania, Australia in relation to the canopy height and % cover of functional forms. Filamentous groups made up the greatest proportion (75%) at both sites and depth while foliose groups were more prevalent at 3 than at 6 m. Irrespective of background flows, depth or site, flow speeds within the canopies were <0.03 m s–1 – a ∼90% reduction in flow speeds compared to above the canopy. Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) within the canopies was up to two orders of magnitude lower (<0.008 m2 s–2) than above the canopies, with higher levels of TKE within the canopy at 3 compared to 6 m. The significant damping effect of flow and turbulence by macroalgae highlights the potential of these ecosystems to provide a refugia for vulnerable calcifying species to OA. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Louise Kregting Damon Britton Craig N. Mundy Catriona L. Hurd |
author_facet |
Louise Kregting Damon Britton Craig N. Mundy Catriona L. Hurd |
author_sort |
Louise Kregting |
title |
Safe in My Garden: Reduction of Mainstream Flow and Turbulence by Macroalgal Assemblages and Implications for Refugia of Calcifying Organisms From Ocean Acidification |
title_short |
Safe in My Garden: Reduction of Mainstream Flow and Turbulence by Macroalgal Assemblages and Implications for Refugia of Calcifying Organisms From Ocean Acidification |
title_full |
Safe in My Garden: Reduction of Mainstream Flow and Turbulence by Macroalgal Assemblages and Implications for Refugia of Calcifying Organisms From Ocean Acidification |
title_fullStr |
Safe in My Garden: Reduction of Mainstream Flow and Turbulence by Macroalgal Assemblages and Implications for Refugia of Calcifying Organisms From Ocean Acidification |
title_full_unstemmed |
Safe in My Garden: Reduction of Mainstream Flow and Turbulence by Macroalgal Assemblages and Implications for Refugia of Calcifying Organisms From Ocean Acidification |
title_sort |
safe in my garden: reduction of mainstream flow and turbulence by macroalgal assemblages and implications for refugia of calcifying organisms from ocean acidification |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.693695 https://doaj.org/article/fc9099a46442490ab08dab8e7cc6a074 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.693695/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.693695 https://doaj.org/article/fc9099a46442490ab08dab8e7cc6a074 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.693695 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
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1766157673207693312 |