Isolation, characterization and comparison of Atlantic and Chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2
Abstract Background Growth hormone (GH) is an important regulator of skeletal growth, as well as other adapted processes in salmonids. The GH gene ( gh ) in salmonids is represented by duplicated, non-allelic isoforms designated as gh1 and gh2 . We have isolated and characterized gh -containing bact...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fb9926de4c734cb0a5fe84da32dfce01 2023-05-15T18:10:00+02:00 Isolation, characterization and comparison of Atlantic and Chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2 Davidson William S Robb Adrienne Beetz-Sargent Marianne R Straub Christopher A Goh Benjamin Lubieniecki Krzysztof P de Boer Johan Yazawa Ryosuke von Schalburg Kristian R Devlin Robert H Koop Ben F 2008-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-522 https://doaj.org/article/fb9926de4c734cb0a5fe84da32dfce01 EN eng BMC http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/522 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-522 1471-2164 https://doaj.org/article/fb9926de4c734cb0a5fe84da32dfce01 BMC Genomics, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 522 (2008) Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 article 2008 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-522 2023-01-08T01:29:02Z Abstract Background Growth hormone (GH) is an important regulator of skeletal growth, as well as other adapted processes in salmonids. The GH gene ( gh ) in salmonids is represented by duplicated, non-allelic isoforms designated as gh1 and gh2 . We have isolated and characterized gh -containing bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) of both Atlantic and Chinook salmon ( Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in order to further elucidate our understanding of the conservation and regulation of these loci. Results BACs containing gh1 and gh2 from both Atlantic and Chinook salmon were assembled, annotated, and compared to each other in their coding, intronic, regulatory, and flanking regions. These BACs also contain the genes for skeletal muscle sodium channel oriented in the same direction. The sequences of the genes for interferon alpha-1, myosin alkali light chain and microtubule associated protein Tau were also identified, and found in opposite orientations relative to gh1 and gh2 . Viability of each of these genes was examined by PCR. We show that transposon insertions have occurred differently in the promoters of gh , within and between each species. Other differences within the promoters and intronic and 3'-flanking regions of the four gh genes provide evidence that they have distinct regulatory modes and possibly act to function differently and/or during different times of salmonid development. Conclusion A core proximal promoter for transcription of both gh1 and gh2 is conserved between the two species of salmon. Nevertheless, transposon integration and regulatory element differences do exist between the promoters of gh1 and gh2 . Additionally, organization of transposon families into the BACs containing gh1 and for the BACs containing gh2 , are very similar within orthologous regions, but much less clear conservation is apparent in comparisons between the gh1 - and gh2 -containing paralogous BACs for the two fish species. This is consistent with the hypothesis that a burst of transposition activity ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles BMC Genomics 9 1 522 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 |
spellingShingle |
Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 Davidson William S Robb Adrienne Beetz-Sargent Marianne R Straub Christopher A Goh Benjamin Lubieniecki Krzysztof P de Boer Johan Yazawa Ryosuke von Schalburg Kristian R Devlin Robert H Koop Ben F Isolation, characterization and comparison of Atlantic and Chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2 |
topic_facet |
Biotechnology TP248.13-248.65 Genetics QH426-470 |
description |
Abstract Background Growth hormone (GH) is an important regulator of skeletal growth, as well as other adapted processes in salmonids. The GH gene ( gh ) in salmonids is represented by duplicated, non-allelic isoforms designated as gh1 and gh2 . We have isolated and characterized gh -containing bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) of both Atlantic and Chinook salmon ( Salmo salar and Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ) in order to further elucidate our understanding of the conservation and regulation of these loci. Results BACs containing gh1 and gh2 from both Atlantic and Chinook salmon were assembled, annotated, and compared to each other in their coding, intronic, regulatory, and flanking regions. These BACs also contain the genes for skeletal muscle sodium channel oriented in the same direction. The sequences of the genes for interferon alpha-1, myosin alkali light chain and microtubule associated protein Tau were also identified, and found in opposite orientations relative to gh1 and gh2 . Viability of each of these genes was examined by PCR. We show that transposon insertions have occurred differently in the promoters of gh , within and between each species. Other differences within the promoters and intronic and 3'-flanking regions of the four gh genes provide evidence that they have distinct regulatory modes and possibly act to function differently and/or during different times of salmonid development. Conclusion A core proximal promoter for transcription of both gh1 and gh2 is conserved between the two species of salmon. Nevertheless, transposon integration and regulatory element differences do exist between the promoters of gh1 and gh2 . Additionally, organization of transposon families into the BACs containing gh1 and for the BACs containing gh2 , are very similar within orthologous regions, but much less clear conservation is apparent in comparisons between the gh1 - and gh2 -containing paralogous BACs for the two fish species. This is consistent with the hypothesis that a burst of transposition activity ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Davidson William S Robb Adrienne Beetz-Sargent Marianne R Straub Christopher A Goh Benjamin Lubieniecki Krzysztof P de Boer Johan Yazawa Ryosuke von Schalburg Kristian R Devlin Robert H Koop Ben F |
author_facet |
Davidson William S Robb Adrienne Beetz-Sargent Marianne R Straub Christopher A Goh Benjamin Lubieniecki Krzysztof P de Boer Johan Yazawa Ryosuke von Schalburg Kristian R Devlin Robert H Koop Ben F |
author_sort |
Davidson William S |
title |
Isolation, characterization and comparison of Atlantic and Chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2 |
title_short |
Isolation, characterization and comparison of Atlantic and Chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2 |
title_full |
Isolation, characterization and comparison of Atlantic and Chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2 |
title_fullStr |
Isolation, characterization and comparison of Atlantic and Chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Isolation, characterization and comparison of Atlantic and Chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2 |
title_sort |
isolation, characterization and comparison of atlantic and chinook salmon growth hormone 1 and 2 |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-522 https://doaj.org/article/fb9926de4c734cb0a5fe84da32dfce01 |
genre |
Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Salmo salar |
op_source |
BMC Genomics, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 522 (2008) |
op_relation |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/522 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-9-522 1471-2164 https://doaj.org/article/fb9926de4c734cb0a5fe84da32dfce01 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-522 |
container_title |
BMC Genomics |
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9 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
522 |
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1766182730518757376 |