Riverine Calcium End-Members Improve Coastal Saturation State Calculations and Reveal Regionally Variable Calcification Potential
Carbonate-rich groundwater discharged from springs, seeps, and spring-fed rivers on carbonate platforms creates environments of potential refuge for calcifying organisms in coastal waters by supplying higher [Ca2+] and [CO32-] along with typically lower nutrient concentrations. The benefits associat...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:fb92bf0eb21245e0b6198e9af593bac3 2023-05-15T17:51:52+02:00 Riverine Calcium End-Members Improve Coastal Saturation State Calculations and Reveal Regionally Variable Calcification Potential Sean T. Beckwith Robert H. Byrne Pamela Hallock 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00169 https://doaj.org/article/fb92bf0eb21245e0b6198e9af593bac3 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00169/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00169 https://doaj.org/article/fb92bf0eb21245e0b6198e9af593bac3 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 6 (2019) carbonate-rich groundwater first-magnitude springs riverine calcium ocean acidification west Florida coastal waters seagrass Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00169 2022-12-31T01:14:41Z Carbonate-rich groundwater discharged from springs, seeps, and spring-fed rivers on carbonate platforms creates environments of potential refuge for calcifying organisms in coastal waters by supplying higher [Ca2+] and [CO32-] along with typically lower nutrient concentrations. The benefits associated with carbonate terrains are maximized in the presence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), especially seagrasses. To improve the accuracy of carbonate saturation state (Ω) determinations, calculated values of [CO32-] and Ksp∗ were paired with [Ca2+] values determined using a model that incorporates directly measured riverine calcium end-members (model A). This model results in Ω values larger than those calculated by assuming that [Ca2+] is directly proportional to salinity (model B; e.g., using CO2SYS, CO2calc). As an example, for salinity (S) between 13.5 and 24, improvements in saturation states calculated as differences (ΔΩ) between model A and model B saturation states in the tidal mixing zone of the Weeki Wachee River (Florida, United States) ranged from 0.39 to 1.00 (aragonite) and 0.61–1.65 (calcite). Saturation state ratios (Ω(A)/Ω(B)) for coastal waters with enhanced [Ca2+] originating from carbonate-rich groundwater can be calculated from end-member calcium concentrations and salinity. Applied to several river systems in the conterminous United States, Ω(A)/Ω(B) values calculated at S = 20 lead to Ω(A)/Ω(B) ratios of 1.12 (Weeki Wachee), 1.09 (Anclote), 1.06 (Mississippi), and 1.03 (Columbia). These increases in saturation states can be used to identify potential calcification refugia for subsequent high resolution field studies that focus on, for example, the long-term viability of oyster communities and other calcifying organisms in brackish coastal waters. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Sav’ ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
carbonate-rich groundwater first-magnitude springs riverine calcium ocean acidification west Florida coastal waters seagrass Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
carbonate-rich groundwater first-magnitude springs riverine calcium ocean acidification west Florida coastal waters seagrass Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Sean T. Beckwith Robert H. Byrne Pamela Hallock Riverine Calcium End-Members Improve Coastal Saturation State Calculations and Reveal Regionally Variable Calcification Potential |
topic_facet |
carbonate-rich groundwater first-magnitude springs riverine calcium ocean acidification west Florida coastal waters seagrass Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Carbonate-rich groundwater discharged from springs, seeps, and spring-fed rivers on carbonate platforms creates environments of potential refuge for calcifying organisms in coastal waters by supplying higher [Ca2+] and [CO32-] along with typically lower nutrient concentrations. The benefits associated with carbonate terrains are maximized in the presence of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), especially seagrasses. To improve the accuracy of carbonate saturation state (Ω) determinations, calculated values of [CO32-] and Ksp∗ were paired with [Ca2+] values determined using a model that incorporates directly measured riverine calcium end-members (model A). This model results in Ω values larger than those calculated by assuming that [Ca2+] is directly proportional to salinity (model B; e.g., using CO2SYS, CO2calc). As an example, for salinity (S) between 13.5 and 24, improvements in saturation states calculated as differences (ΔΩ) between model A and model B saturation states in the tidal mixing zone of the Weeki Wachee River (Florida, United States) ranged from 0.39 to 1.00 (aragonite) and 0.61–1.65 (calcite). Saturation state ratios (Ω(A)/Ω(B)) for coastal waters with enhanced [Ca2+] originating from carbonate-rich groundwater can be calculated from end-member calcium concentrations and salinity. Applied to several river systems in the conterminous United States, Ω(A)/Ω(B) values calculated at S = 20 lead to Ω(A)/Ω(B) ratios of 1.12 (Weeki Wachee), 1.09 (Anclote), 1.06 (Mississippi), and 1.03 (Columbia). These increases in saturation states can be used to identify potential calcification refugia for subsequent high resolution field studies that focus on, for example, the long-term viability of oyster communities and other calcifying organisms in brackish coastal waters. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sean T. Beckwith Robert H. Byrne Pamela Hallock |
author_facet |
Sean T. Beckwith Robert H. Byrne Pamela Hallock |
author_sort |
Sean T. Beckwith |
title |
Riverine Calcium End-Members Improve Coastal Saturation State Calculations and Reveal Regionally Variable Calcification Potential |
title_short |
Riverine Calcium End-Members Improve Coastal Saturation State Calculations and Reveal Regionally Variable Calcification Potential |
title_full |
Riverine Calcium End-Members Improve Coastal Saturation State Calculations and Reveal Regionally Variable Calcification Potential |
title_fullStr |
Riverine Calcium End-Members Improve Coastal Saturation State Calculations and Reveal Regionally Variable Calcification Potential |
title_full_unstemmed |
Riverine Calcium End-Members Improve Coastal Saturation State Calculations and Reveal Regionally Variable Calcification Potential |
title_sort |
riverine calcium end-members improve coastal saturation state calculations and reveal regionally variable calcification potential |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00169 https://doaj.org/article/fb92bf0eb21245e0b6198e9af593bac3 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
geographic |
Sav’ |
geographic_facet |
Sav’ |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 6 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00169/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00169 https://doaj.org/article/fb92bf0eb21245e0b6198e9af593bac3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00169 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
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1766159145026715648 |