Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum
Azaspiracids (AZA) are a group of lipophilic toxins, which are produced by a few species of the marine nanoplanktonic dinoflagellates Azadinium and Amphidoma (Amphidomataceae). A survey was conducted in 2018 to increase knowledge on the diversity and distribution of amphidomatacean species and their...
Published in: | Microorganisms |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010134 https://doaj.org/article/f9b8214626f54a2083d2961e5fb4b889 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f9b8214626f54a2083d2961e5fb4b889 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f9b8214626f54a2083d2961e5fb4b889 2024-01-07T09:45:08+01:00 Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum Urban Tillmann Stephan Wietkamp Haifeng Gu Bernd Krock Rafael Salas Dave Clarke 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010134 https://doaj.org/article/f9b8214626f54a2083d2961e5fb4b889 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/1/134 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 doi:10.3390/microorganisms9010134 2076-2607 https://doaj.org/article/f9b8214626f54a2083d2961e5fb4b889 Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 134 (2021) azaspiracids toxin profile toxin cell quota variability ribotype Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010134 2023-12-10T01:47:38Z Azaspiracids (AZA) are a group of lipophilic toxins, which are produced by a few species of the marine nanoplanktonic dinoflagellates Azadinium and Amphidoma (Amphidomataceae). A survey was conducted in 2018 to increase knowledge on the diversity and distribution of amphidomatacean species and their toxins in Irish and North Sea waters (North Atlantic). We here present a detailed morphological, phylogenetic, and toxinological characterization of 82 new strains representing the potential AZA producers Azadinium spinosum and Amphidoma languida . A total of ten new strains of Am. languida were obtained from the North Sea, and all conformed in terms of morphology and toxin profile (AZA-38 and-39) with previous records from the area. Within 72 strains assigned to Az. spinosum there were strains of two distinct ribotypes (A and B) which consistently differed in their toxin profile (dominated by AZA-1 and -2 in ribotype A, and by AZA-11 and -51 in ribotype B strains). Five strains conformed in morphology with Az. spinosum, but no AZA could be detected in these strains. Moreover, they revealed significant nucleotide differences compared to known Az. spinosum sequences and clustered apart from all other Az. spinosum strains within the phylogenetic tree, and therefore were provisionally designated as Az. cf. spinosum . These Az . cf. spinosum strains without detectable AZA were shown not to cause amplification in the species-specific qPCR assay developed to detect and quantify Az. spinosum . As shown here for the first time, AZA profiles differed between strains of Az. spinosum ribotype A in the presence/absence of AZA-1, AZA-2, and/or AZA-33, with the majority of strains having all three AZA congeners, and others having only AZA-1, AZA-1 and AZA-2, or AZA-1 and AZA-33. In contrast, no AZA profile variability was observed in ribotype B strains. Multiple AZA analyses of a period of up to 18 months showed that toxin profiles (including absence of AZA for Az. cf. spinosum strains) were consistent and stable over time. Total ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Microorganisms 9 1 134 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
azaspiracids toxin profile toxin cell quota variability ribotype Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
azaspiracids toxin profile toxin cell quota variability ribotype Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Urban Tillmann Stephan Wietkamp Haifeng Gu Bernd Krock Rafael Salas Dave Clarke Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum |
topic_facet |
azaspiracids toxin profile toxin cell quota variability ribotype Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Azaspiracids (AZA) are a group of lipophilic toxins, which are produced by a few species of the marine nanoplanktonic dinoflagellates Azadinium and Amphidoma (Amphidomataceae). A survey was conducted in 2018 to increase knowledge on the diversity and distribution of amphidomatacean species and their toxins in Irish and North Sea waters (North Atlantic). We here present a detailed morphological, phylogenetic, and toxinological characterization of 82 new strains representing the potential AZA producers Azadinium spinosum and Amphidoma languida . A total of ten new strains of Am. languida were obtained from the North Sea, and all conformed in terms of morphology and toxin profile (AZA-38 and-39) with previous records from the area. Within 72 strains assigned to Az. spinosum there were strains of two distinct ribotypes (A and B) which consistently differed in their toxin profile (dominated by AZA-1 and -2 in ribotype A, and by AZA-11 and -51 in ribotype B strains). Five strains conformed in morphology with Az. spinosum, but no AZA could be detected in these strains. Moreover, they revealed significant nucleotide differences compared to known Az. spinosum sequences and clustered apart from all other Az. spinosum strains within the phylogenetic tree, and therefore were provisionally designated as Az. cf. spinosum . These Az . cf. spinosum strains without detectable AZA were shown not to cause amplification in the species-specific qPCR assay developed to detect and quantify Az. spinosum . As shown here for the first time, AZA profiles differed between strains of Az. spinosum ribotype A in the presence/absence of AZA-1, AZA-2, and/or AZA-33, with the majority of strains having all three AZA congeners, and others having only AZA-1, AZA-1 and AZA-2, or AZA-1 and AZA-33. In contrast, no AZA profile variability was observed in ribotype B strains. Multiple AZA analyses of a period of up to 18 months showed that toxin profiles (including absence of AZA for Az. cf. spinosum strains) were consistent and stable over time. Total ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Urban Tillmann Stephan Wietkamp Haifeng Gu Bernd Krock Rafael Salas Dave Clarke |
author_facet |
Urban Tillmann Stephan Wietkamp Haifeng Gu Bernd Krock Rafael Salas Dave Clarke |
author_sort |
Urban Tillmann |
title |
Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum |
title_short |
Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum |
title_full |
Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum |
title_fullStr |
Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multiple New Strains of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) from the North Atlantic Revealed a High Toxin Profile Variability of Azadinium spinosum and a New Non-Toxigenic Az. cf. spinosum |
title_sort |
multiple new strains of amphidomataceae (dinophyceae) from the north atlantic revealed a high toxin profile variability of azadinium spinosum and a new non-toxigenic az. cf. spinosum |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010134 https://doaj.org/article/f9b8214626f54a2083d2961e5fb4b889 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Microorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 1, p 134 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/1/134 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607 doi:10.3390/microorganisms9010134 2076-2607 https://doaj.org/article/f9b8214626f54a2083d2961e5fb4b889 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010134 |
container_title |
Microorganisms |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
134 |
_version_ |
1787426587042381824 |