Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines
The negative effects of hydroelectric power (HEP) on salmonid populations has long been recognized and studied. Downstream passage through turbines may potentially constitute a significant source of mortality for both juvenile and adult fish in regulated rivers. Numerical models have been developed...
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MDPI AG
2020
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f938229573c04d22ba8f41b07583c9ed 2023-05-15T15:32:11+02:00 Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines Linda Vikström Kjell Leonardsson Johan Leander Samuel Shry Olle Calles Gustav Hellström 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166384 https://doaj.org/article/f938229573c04d22ba8f41b07583c9ed EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6384 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 doi:10.3390/su12166384 2071-1050 https://doaj.org/article/f938229573c04d22ba8f41b07583c9ed Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 6384, p 6384 (2020) modeling validation blade strike kelt turbine passage animal movement and migrations Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166384 2022-12-31T04:02:13Z The negative effects of hydroelectric power (HEP) on salmonid populations has long been recognized and studied. Downstream passage through turbines may potentially constitute a significant source of mortality for both juvenile and adult fish in regulated rivers. Numerical models have been developed to calculate turbine passage mortality based on the probability of collision with the turbine blades, but although widely used in management and conservation, their performance is rarely validated in terms of the accuracy and bias of the mortality estimates. In this study, we evaluated commonly used blade strike models for Kaplan and Francis turbines by comparing model predictions with observed passage mortalities for juvenile 13–27 cm and adult 52–94 cm Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar , L.) and anadromous brown trout ( Salmo trutta , L.) acquired by acoustic telemetry. Predictions made for juveniles aligned closer with observed mortality for both Kaplan and Francis turbines (within 1–3% percentage points). However, the model severely underestimated the mortality of adult fish passing through Francis turbines, with up to 50% percentage points difference between predicted and observed mortalities. Furthermore, the model did not capture a clear negative correlation between mortality and discharge observed for salmon between 50–60 cm (grilse). We concluded that blade strike models are a useful tool for quantifying passage mortality for salmonid smolts passing large, high-head turbines, but that the same models should be used with care when trying to estimate the passage mortality of kelts in iteroparous populations. We also concluded that the major cause of passage mortality for juveniles is injury by collision with the turbine blade, but that other factors seem to contribute substantially to the passage mortality of kelts. Our study reports low mortality for smolts up to 27 cm passing through Kaplan and Francis turbines (0–12%), but high mortality for salmon over 50 cm passing though Francis turbines (56–81%). Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Sustainability 12 16 6384 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
modeling validation blade strike kelt turbine passage animal movement and migrations Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
modeling validation blade strike kelt turbine passage animal movement and migrations Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Linda Vikström Kjell Leonardsson Johan Leander Samuel Shry Olle Calles Gustav Hellström Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
topic_facet |
modeling validation blade strike kelt turbine passage animal movement and migrations Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
The negative effects of hydroelectric power (HEP) on salmonid populations has long been recognized and studied. Downstream passage through turbines may potentially constitute a significant source of mortality for both juvenile and adult fish in regulated rivers. Numerical models have been developed to calculate turbine passage mortality based on the probability of collision with the turbine blades, but although widely used in management and conservation, their performance is rarely validated in terms of the accuracy and bias of the mortality estimates. In this study, we evaluated commonly used blade strike models for Kaplan and Francis turbines by comparing model predictions with observed passage mortalities for juvenile 13–27 cm and adult 52–94 cm Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar , L.) and anadromous brown trout ( Salmo trutta , L.) acquired by acoustic telemetry. Predictions made for juveniles aligned closer with observed mortality for both Kaplan and Francis turbines (within 1–3% percentage points). However, the model severely underestimated the mortality of adult fish passing through Francis turbines, with up to 50% percentage points difference between predicted and observed mortalities. Furthermore, the model did not capture a clear negative correlation between mortality and discharge observed for salmon between 50–60 cm (grilse). We concluded that blade strike models are a useful tool for quantifying passage mortality for salmonid smolts passing large, high-head turbines, but that the same models should be used with care when trying to estimate the passage mortality of kelts in iteroparous populations. We also concluded that the major cause of passage mortality for juveniles is injury by collision with the turbine blade, but that other factors seem to contribute substantially to the passage mortality of kelts. Our study reports low mortality for smolts up to 27 cm passing through Kaplan and Francis turbines (0–12%), but high mortality for salmon over 50 cm passing though Francis turbines (56–81%). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Linda Vikström Kjell Leonardsson Johan Leander Samuel Shry Olle Calles Gustav Hellström |
author_facet |
Linda Vikström Kjell Leonardsson Johan Leander Samuel Shry Olle Calles Gustav Hellström |
author_sort |
Linda Vikström |
title |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_short |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_full |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_fullStr |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_full_unstemmed |
Validation of Francis–Kaplan Turbine Blade Strike Models for Adult and Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar, L.) and Anadromous Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta, L.) Passing High Head Turbines |
title_sort |
validation of francis–kaplan turbine blade strike models for adult and juvenile atlantic salmon (salmo salar, l.) and anadromous brown trout (salmo trutta, l.) passing high head turbines |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166384 https://doaj.org/article/f938229573c04d22ba8f41b07583c9ed |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 6384, p 6384 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/16/6384 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050 doi:10.3390/su12166384 2071-1050 https://doaj.org/article/f938229573c04d22ba8f41b07583c9ed |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166384 |
container_title |
Sustainability |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
16 |
container_start_page |
6384 |
_version_ |
1766362690664529920 |