Spatial and Temporal Evolutionary Patterns in Puumala Orthohantavirus (PUUV) S Segment

• Published in: Pathogens
• Main Authors: Florian Binder, René Ryll, Stephan Drewes, Sandra Jagdmann, Daniela Reil, Melanie Hiltbrunner, Ulrike M. Rosenfeld, Christian Imholt, Jens Jacob, Gerald Heckel, Rainer G. Ulrich
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2020
• Subjects: hantavirus; bank vole; evolution; N protein; NSs protein; S segment; Medicine; R; Microtus arvalis
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070548; https://doaj.org/article/f932b7ad30e44b23b92582c9dae6a3d5

The S segment of bank vole ( Clethrionomys glareolus )-associated Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV) contains two overlapping open reading frames coding for the nucleocapsid (N) and a non-structural (NSs) protein. To identify the influence of bank vole population dynamics on PUUV S segment sequence evolution and test for spillover infections in sympatric rodent species, during 2010–2014, 883 bank voles, 357 yellow-necked mice ( Apodemus flavicollis ), 62 wood mice ( A. sylvaticus ), 149 common voles ( Microtus arvalis ) and 8 field voles ( M. agrestis ) were collected in Baden-Wuerttemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. In total, 27.9% and 22.3% of bank voles were positive for PUUV-reactive antibodies and PUUV-specific RNA, respectively. One of eight field voles was PUUV RNA-positive, indicating a spillover infection, but none of the other species showed evidence of PUUV infection. Phylogenetic and isolation-by-distance analyses demonstrated a spatial clustering of PUUV S segment sequences. In the hantavirus outbreak years 2010 and 2012, PUUV RNA prevalence was higher in our study regions compared to non-outbreak years 2011, 2013 and 2014. NSs amino acid and nucleotide sequence types showed temporal and/or local variation, whereas the N protein was highly conserved in the NSs overlapping region and, to a lower rate, in the N alone coding part.