Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study
Particulate calcium oxide (CaO) has been successfully used for the control of sea urchin and starfish populations. Recent studies have proven its efficacy in killing planktonic copepods, making it a promising and cheap option for salmon louse control in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming indu...
Published in: | Frontiers in Aquaculture |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f84ffadbeb8549c492fd9921bcd90a9e 2024-02-11T10:02:04+01:00 Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study Elia Ciani Kai-Inge Lie Marit Stormoen Stein Ivar Antonsen Even Hjalmar Jørgensen 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1307835 https://doaj.org/article/f84ffadbeb8549c492fd9921bcd90a9e EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/faquc.2023.1307835/full https://doaj.org/toc/2813-5334 2813-5334 doi:10.3389/faquc.2023.1307835 https://doaj.org/article/f84ffadbeb8549c492fd9921bcd90a9e Frontiers in Aquaculture, Vol 2 (2024) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) calcium oxide (CaO) quicklime (CaO) salmon lice control delousing salmon farming Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1307835 2024-01-14T01:37:41Z Particulate calcium oxide (CaO) has been successfully used for the control of sea urchin and starfish populations. Recent studies have proven its efficacy in killing planktonic copepods, making it a promising and cheap option for salmon louse control in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming industry. Additionally, preliminary laboratory tests demonstrated that exposure to 0.2 g/L–0.6 g/L of fine CaO particles induced significant mortality of salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in the planktonic stages. The present study investigated the effects of water treatment with fine CaO particles [0.2 g/L or 127.4 g/m2; 0.1 mm–0.3 mm], conducted twice a week for three consecutive weeks at 5°C and 12°C on Atlantic salmon post-smolt in a flow-through system. The study compared mortality rates and histopathology of skin, eyes, gills, and intestines between treated and untreated control salmon. The results indicated that CaO exposure did not induce fish mortality or histopathological damages in the skin, eyes, or intestines. Although there were no significant effects of CaO exposure on gill inflammation or hyperplasia, the exposure did increase the occurrence of gill vascular injuries and necrosis in small portions of the tissue (< 10% of the respiratory gill tissue in most of the samples) by 60% and 35%, respectively. The effect was not modulated by temperature or time. The results indicate that the CaO treatment protocol used in this study is not lethal to Atlantic salmon and is safe for most analyzed tissues. Nonetheless, the induction of vascular damage and necrosis in the gill, albeit in small tissue portions, emphasizes the need for further research. It is crucial to develop a protocol that avoids such lesions, ensuring the secure application of CaO as an antiparasitic treatment in salmon aquaculture. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Copepods Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Aquaculture 2 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) calcium oxide (CaO) quicklime (CaO) salmon lice control delousing salmon farming Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) calcium oxide (CaO) quicklime (CaO) salmon lice control delousing salmon farming Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Elia Ciani Kai-Inge Lie Marit Stormoen Stein Ivar Antonsen Even Hjalmar Jørgensen Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study |
topic_facet |
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) calcium oxide (CaO) quicklime (CaO) salmon lice control delousing salmon farming Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 |
description |
Particulate calcium oxide (CaO) has been successfully used for the control of sea urchin and starfish populations. Recent studies have proven its efficacy in killing planktonic copepods, making it a promising and cheap option for salmon louse control in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming industry. Additionally, preliminary laboratory tests demonstrated that exposure to 0.2 g/L–0.6 g/L of fine CaO particles induced significant mortality of salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in the planktonic stages. The present study investigated the effects of water treatment with fine CaO particles [0.2 g/L or 127.4 g/m2; 0.1 mm–0.3 mm], conducted twice a week for three consecutive weeks at 5°C and 12°C on Atlantic salmon post-smolt in a flow-through system. The study compared mortality rates and histopathology of skin, eyes, gills, and intestines between treated and untreated control salmon. The results indicated that CaO exposure did not induce fish mortality or histopathological damages in the skin, eyes, or intestines. Although there were no significant effects of CaO exposure on gill inflammation or hyperplasia, the exposure did increase the occurrence of gill vascular injuries and necrosis in small portions of the tissue (< 10% of the respiratory gill tissue in most of the samples) by 60% and 35%, respectively. The effect was not modulated by temperature or time. The results indicate that the CaO treatment protocol used in this study is not lethal to Atlantic salmon and is safe for most analyzed tissues. Nonetheless, the induction of vascular damage and necrosis in the gill, albeit in small tissue portions, emphasizes the need for further research. It is crucial to develop a protocol that avoids such lesions, ensuring the secure application of CaO as an antiparasitic treatment in salmon aquaculture. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elia Ciani Kai-Inge Lie Marit Stormoen Stein Ivar Antonsen Even Hjalmar Jørgensen |
author_facet |
Elia Ciani Kai-Inge Lie Marit Stormoen Stein Ivar Antonsen Even Hjalmar Jørgensen |
author_sort |
Elia Ciani |
title |
Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study |
title_short |
Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study |
title_full |
Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study |
title_fullStr |
Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study |
title_full_unstemmed |
Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study |
title_sort |
histopathological assessment of atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1307835 https://doaj.org/article/f84ffadbeb8549c492fd9921bcd90a9e |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Copepods |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Copepods |
op_source |
Frontiers in Aquaculture, Vol 2 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/faquc.2023.1307835/full https://doaj.org/toc/2813-5334 2813-5334 doi:10.3389/faquc.2023.1307835 https://doaj.org/article/f84ffadbeb8549c492fd9921bcd90a9e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2023.1307835 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Aquaculture |
container_volume |
2 |
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1790597958550421504 |