Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)
High mortality during grow out in the sea is a challenge for farmed Atlantic salmon production in Norway and globally, which is partly attributed to suboptimal smolt quality. In this study, two groups of pre-smolts were put on a standard light smoltification regime with alternating 12L:12D per day f...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f7efac2cc2a845b8b1f6c89f420eb9ac 2023-05-15T15:30:53+02:00 Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) Hooi Ling Khaw Bjarne Gjerde Solomon A. Boison Elise Hjelle Gareth F. Difford 2021-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 https://doaj.org/article/f7efac2cc2a845b8b1f6c89f420eb9ac EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 1664-8021 doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 https://doaj.org/article/f7efac2cc2a845b8b1f6c89f420eb9ac Frontiers in Genetics, Vol 12 (2021) smoltification atlantic salmon 0+ and 1+ smolts heritability genetic correlations optimum seawater transfer Genetics QH426-470 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 2022-12-31T07:15:37Z High mortality during grow out in the sea is a challenge for farmed Atlantic salmon production in Norway and globally, which is partly attributed to suboptimal smolt quality. In this study, two groups of pre-smolts were put on a standard light smoltification regime with alternating 12L:12D per day for 6 weeks (Phase I), followed by 24L:0D per day for 6 weeks (Phase II); one group was 0 + smolt (EXP1) and the other 1 + smolt (EXP2). To monitor the smoltification status of the fish, 100 (EXP1) and 60 (EXP2) fish were randomly sampled per week during Phase II. The following phenotypes for smoltification status were studied: RT-qPCR relative mRNA expression of values of two alpha catalytic subunits of the variants of the Na+K+ATPase (NKA) expressed in the sampled gill tissues of each fish. The first variant, alpha1a with increased expression in freshwater (FW) and the second variant alpha1b with increased expression in seawater variant (SW), as well as their ratio SW/FW. At the optimal time for seawater transfer based on the SW/FW trait, 1,000 (at sixth sampling of EXP1) and 1,500 (at fifth sampling of EXP2) fish were sampled for genetic parameter estimation. The individual variation in FW, SW, and SW/FW was very large at each of the seven samplings indicating a large variation among individuals in the optimum time of transfer to seawater. SW/FW showed significant genetic variation in both 0+ and 1+ smolts, which indicates the possibility for selection for improved synchronization of smoltification status of Atlantic salmon at the time where the largest proportion of the fish is considered to be smolt. However, the genetic correlation between SW/FW of 0+ and 1+ was not significantly different from zero indicating very little shared genetic variation in SW/FW in 0+ and 1+ fish. Smoltification phenotypes showed temporal progression over the smoltification period, and this progression varied between 0+ and 1+ smolt highlighting the importance of correctly timing the major sampling point, and when cohorts are ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Norway Frontiers in Genetics 12 |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
smoltification atlantic salmon 0+ and 1+ smolts heritability genetic correlations optimum seawater transfer Genetics QH426-470 |
spellingShingle |
smoltification atlantic salmon 0+ and 1+ smolts heritability genetic correlations optimum seawater transfer Genetics QH426-470 Hooi Ling Khaw Bjarne Gjerde Solomon A. Boison Elise Hjelle Gareth F. Difford Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
topic_facet |
smoltification atlantic salmon 0+ and 1+ smolts heritability genetic correlations optimum seawater transfer Genetics QH426-470 |
description |
High mortality during grow out in the sea is a challenge for farmed Atlantic salmon production in Norway and globally, which is partly attributed to suboptimal smolt quality. In this study, two groups of pre-smolts were put on a standard light smoltification regime with alternating 12L:12D per day for 6 weeks (Phase I), followed by 24L:0D per day for 6 weeks (Phase II); one group was 0 + smolt (EXP1) and the other 1 + smolt (EXP2). To monitor the smoltification status of the fish, 100 (EXP1) and 60 (EXP2) fish were randomly sampled per week during Phase II. The following phenotypes for smoltification status were studied: RT-qPCR relative mRNA expression of values of two alpha catalytic subunits of the variants of the Na+K+ATPase (NKA) expressed in the sampled gill tissues of each fish. The first variant, alpha1a with increased expression in freshwater (FW) and the second variant alpha1b with increased expression in seawater variant (SW), as well as their ratio SW/FW. At the optimal time for seawater transfer based on the SW/FW trait, 1,000 (at sixth sampling of EXP1) and 1,500 (at fifth sampling of EXP2) fish were sampled for genetic parameter estimation. The individual variation in FW, SW, and SW/FW was very large at each of the seven samplings indicating a large variation among individuals in the optimum time of transfer to seawater. SW/FW showed significant genetic variation in both 0+ and 1+ smolts, which indicates the possibility for selection for improved synchronization of smoltification status of Atlantic salmon at the time where the largest proportion of the fish is considered to be smolt. However, the genetic correlation between SW/FW of 0+ and 1+ was not significantly different from zero indicating very little shared genetic variation in SW/FW in 0+ and 1+ fish. Smoltification phenotypes showed temporal progression over the smoltification period, and this progression varied between 0+ and 1+ smolt highlighting the importance of correctly timing the major sampling point, and when cohorts are ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hooi Ling Khaw Bjarne Gjerde Solomon A. Boison Elise Hjelle Gareth F. Difford |
author_facet |
Hooi Ling Khaw Bjarne Gjerde Solomon A. Boison Elise Hjelle Gareth F. Difford |
author_sort |
Hooi Ling Khaw |
title |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_short |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_full |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_fullStr |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Quantitative Genetics of Smoltification Status at the Time of Seawater Transfer in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) |
title_sort |
quantitative genetics of smoltification status at the time of seawater transfer in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 https://doaj.org/article/f7efac2cc2a845b8b1f6c89f420eb9ac |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Frontiers in Genetics, Vol 12 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 1664-8021 doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 https://doaj.org/article/f7efac2cc2a845b8b1f6c89f420eb9ac |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.696893 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Genetics |
container_volume |
12 |
_version_ |
1766361357673824256 |