The potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence.
Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) vaccines are currently under development and there is a need to understand their potential impact on population wide VL incidence. We implement four characteristics from different human VL vaccine candidates into two published VL transmission model variants to estim...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f740272ecf9945599e37cad48494fc83 2023-05-15T15:13:31+02:00 The potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence. Epke A Le Rutte Luc E Coffeng Stefano Malvolti Paul M Kaye Sake J de Vlas 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008468 https://doaj.org/article/f740272ecf9945599e37cad48494fc83 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008468 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008468 https://doaj.org/article/f740272ecf9945599e37cad48494fc83 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 7, p e0008468 (2020) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008468 2022-12-31T11:51:07Z Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) vaccines are currently under development and there is a need to understand their potential impact on population wide VL incidence. We implement four characteristics from different human VL vaccine candidates into two published VL transmission model variants to estimate the potential impact of these vaccine characteristics on population-wide anthroponotic VL incidence on the Indian subcontinent (ISC). The vaccines that are simulated in this study 1) reduce the infectiousness of infected individuals towards sand flies, 2) reduce risk of developing symptoms after infection, 3) reduce the risk of developing post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), or 4) lead to the development of transient immunity. We also compare and combine a vaccine strategy with current interventions to identify their potential role in elimination of VL as a public health problem. We show that the first two simulated vaccine characteristics can greatly reduce VL incidence. For these vaccines, an approximate 60% vaccine efficacy would lead to achieving the ISC elimination target (<1 VL case per 10,000 population per year) within 10 years' time in a moderately endemic setting when vaccinating 100% of the population. Vaccinating VL cases to prevent the development of PKDL is a promising tool to sustain the low incidence elimination target after regular interventions are halted. Vaccines triggering the development of transient immunity protecting against infection lead to the biggest reduction in VL incidence, but booster doses are required to achieve perduring impact. Even though vaccines are not yet available for implementation, their development should be pursued as their potential impact on transmission can be substantial, both in decreasing incidence at the population level as well as in sustaining the ISC elimination target when other interventions are halted. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Indian Azar ENVELOPE(-63.733,-63.733,-64.983,-64.983) PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14 7 e0008468 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Epke A Le Rutte Luc E Coffeng Stefano Malvolti Paul M Kaye Sake J de Vlas The potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) vaccines are currently under development and there is a need to understand their potential impact on population wide VL incidence. We implement four characteristics from different human VL vaccine candidates into two published VL transmission model variants to estimate the potential impact of these vaccine characteristics on population-wide anthroponotic VL incidence on the Indian subcontinent (ISC). The vaccines that are simulated in this study 1) reduce the infectiousness of infected individuals towards sand flies, 2) reduce risk of developing symptoms after infection, 3) reduce the risk of developing post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), or 4) lead to the development of transient immunity. We also compare and combine a vaccine strategy with current interventions to identify their potential role in elimination of VL as a public health problem. We show that the first two simulated vaccine characteristics can greatly reduce VL incidence. For these vaccines, an approximate 60% vaccine efficacy would lead to achieving the ISC elimination target (<1 VL case per 10,000 population per year) within 10 years' time in a moderately endemic setting when vaccinating 100% of the population. Vaccinating VL cases to prevent the development of PKDL is a promising tool to sustain the low incidence elimination target after regular interventions are halted. Vaccines triggering the development of transient immunity protecting against infection lead to the biggest reduction in VL incidence, but booster doses are required to achieve perduring impact. Even though vaccines are not yet available for implementation, their development should be pursued as their potential impact on transmission can be substantial, both in decreasing incidence at the population level as well as in sustaining the ISC elimination target when other interventions are halted. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Epke A Le Rutte Luc E Coffeng Stefano Malvolti Paul M Kaye Sake J de Vlas |
author_facet |
Epke A Le Rutte Luc E Coffeng Stefano Malvolti Paul M Kaye Sake J de Vlas |
author_sort |
Epke A Le Rutte |
title |
The potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence. |
title_short |
The potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence. |
title_full |
The potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence. |
title_fullStr |
The potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence. |
title_sort |
potential impact of human visceral leishmaniasis vaccines on population incidence. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008468 https://doaj.org/article/f740272ecf9945599e37cad48494fc83 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-63.733,-63.733,-64.983,-64.983) |
geographic |
Arctic Indian Azar |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Indian Azar |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 7, p e0008468 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008468 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008468 https://doaj.org/article/f740272ecf9945599e37cad48494fc83 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008468 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
e0008468 |
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1766344062594449408 |