Measuring SO 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera
Over the last few years fast-sampling ultraviolet (UV) imaging cameras have been developed for use in measuring SO 2 emissions from industrial sources (e.g. power plants; typical emission rates ~ 1–10 kg s −1 ) and natural sources (e.g. volcanoes; typical emission rates ~ 10–100 kg s −1 ). Generally...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f713306dadb04849b2606650a4815d7f 2023-05-15T17:05:14+02:00 Measuring SO 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera A. J. Prata 2014-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1213-2014 https://doaj.org/article/f713306dadb04849b2606650a4815d7f EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/1213/2014/amt-7-1213-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 1867-1381 1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-7-1213-2014 https://doaj.org/article/f713306dadb04849b2606650a4815d7f Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp 1213-1229 (2014) Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1213-2014 2022-12-31T02:14:54Z Over the last few years fast-sampling ultraviolet (UV) imaging cameras have been developed for use in measuring SO 2 emissions from industrial sources (e.g. power plants; typical emission rates ~ 1–10 kg s −1 ) and natural sources (e.g. volcanoes; typical emission rates ~ 10–100 kg s −1 ). Generally, measurements have been made from sources rich in SO 2 with high concentrations and emission rates. In this work, for the first time, a UV camera has been used to measure the much lower concentrations and emission rates of SO 2 (typical emission rates ~ 0.01–0.1 kg s −1 ) in the plumes from moving and stationary ships. Some innovations and trade-offs have been made so that estimates of the emission rates and path concentrations can be retrieved in real time. Field experiments were conducted at Kongsfjord in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, where SO 2 emissions from cruise ships were made, and at the port of Rotterdam, Netherlands, measuring emissions from more than 10 different container and cargo ships. In all cases SO 2 path concentrations could be estimated and emission rates determined by measuring ship plume speeds simultaneously using the camera, or by using surface wind speed data from an independent source. Accuracies were compromised in some cases because of the presence of particulates in some ship emissions and the restriction of single-filter UV imagery, a requirement for fast-sampling (> 10 Hz) from a single camera. Despite the ease of use and ability to determine SO 2 emission rates from the UV camera system, the limitation in accuracy and precision suggest that the system may only be used under rather ideal circumstances and that currently the technology needs further development to serve as a method to monitor ship emissions for regulatory purposes. A dual-camera system or a single, dual-filter camera is required in order to properly correct for the effects of particulates in ship plumes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Kongsfjord* Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Svalbard Ny-Ålesund Kongsfjord ENVELOPE(29.319,29.319,70.721,70.721) Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7 5 1213 1229 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 A. J. Prata Measuring SO 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera |
topic_facet |
Environmental engineering TA170-171 Earthwork. Foundations TA715-787 |
description |
Over the last few years fast-sampling ultraviolet (UV) imaging cameras have been developed for use in measuring SO 2 emissions from industrial sources (e.g. power plants; typical emission rates ~ 1–10 kg s −1 ) and natural sources (e.g. volcanoes; typical emission rates ~ 10–100 kg s −1 ). Generally, measurements have been made from sources rich in SO 2 with high concentrations and emission rates. In this work, for the first time, a UV camera has been used to measure the much lower concentrations and emission rates of SO 2 (typical emission rates ~ 0.01–0.1 kg s −1 ) in the plumes from moving and stationary ships. Some innovations and trade-offs have been made so that estimates of the emission rates and path concentrations can be retrieved in real time. Field experiments were conducted at Kongsfjord in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, where SO 2 emissions from cruise ships were made, and at the port of Rotterdam, Netherlands, measuring emissions from more than 10 different container and cargo ships. In all cases SO 2 path concentrations could be estimated and emission rates determined by measuring ship plume speeds simultaneously using the camera, or by using surface wind speed data from an independent source. Accuracies were compromised in some cases because of the presence of particulates in some ship emissions and the restriction of single-filter UV imagery, a requirement for fast-sampling (> 10 Hz) from a single camera. Despite the ease of use and ability to determine SO 2 emission rates from the UV camera system, the limitation in accuracy and precision suggest that the system may only be used under rather ideal circumstances and that currently the technology needs further development to serve as a method to monitor ship emissions for regulatory purposes. A dual-camera system or a single, dual-filter camera is required in order to properly correct for the effects of particulates in ship plumes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. J. Prata |
author_facet |
A. J. Prata |
author_sort |
A. J. Prata |
title |
Measuring SO 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera |
title_short |
Measuring SO 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera |
title_full |
Measuring SO 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera |
title_fullStr |
Measuring SO 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera |
title_full_unstemmed |
Measuring SO 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera |
title_sort |
measuring so 2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1213-2014 https://doaj.org/article/f713306dadb04849b2606650a4815d7f |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(29.319,29.319,70.721,70.721) |
geographic |
Svalbard Ny-Ålesund Kongsfjord |
geographic_facet |
Svalbard Ny-Ålesund Kongsfjord |
genre |
Kongsfjord* Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Kongsfjord* Ny Ålesund Ny-Ålesund Svalbard |
op_source |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol 7, Iss 5, Pp 1213-1229 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/7/1213/2014/amt-7-1213-2014.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 1867-1381 1867-8548 doi:10.5194/amt-7-1213-2014 https://doaj.org/article/f713306dadb04849b2606650a4815d7f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1213-2014 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
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7 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1213 |
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1229 |
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1766059647831113728 |