Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World
Phytoplankton induce defensive traits in response to chemical alarm signals from grazing zooplankton. However, these signals are potentially vulnerable to changes in pH and it is not yet known how predator recognition may be affected by ocean acidification. We exposed four species of diatoms and one...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.875858 https://doaj.org/article/f577b12d920a4a45b85cb3149a80aede |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f577b12d920a4a45b85cb3149a80aede 2023-05-15T17:49:33+02:00 Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World Kristie Rigby Alexandra Kinnby Josephine Grønning Fredrik Ryderheim Gunnar Cervin Emma L. Berdan Erik Selander 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.875858 https://doaj.org/article/f577b12d920a4a45b85cb3149a80aede EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.875858/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.875858 https://doaj.org/article/f577b12d920a4a45b85cb3149a80aede Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 9 (2022) chemical defenses chemical ecology ocean acidification inducible defense plankton ecology predator-prey interactions Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.875858 2022-12-31T12:00:13Z Phytoplankton induce defensive traits in response to chemical alarm signals from grazing zooplankton. However, these signals are potentially vulnerable to changes in pH and it is not yet known how predator recognition may be affected by ocean acidification. We exposed four species of diatoms and one toxic dinoflagellate to future pCO2 levels, projected by the turn of the century, in factorial combinations with predatory cues from copepods (copepodamides). We measured the change in growth, chain length, silica content, and toxin content. Effects of increased pCO2 were highly species specific. The induction of defensive traits was accompanied by a significant reduction in growth rate in three out of five species. The reduction averaged 39% and we interpret this as an allocation cost associated with defensive traits. Copepodamides induced significant chain length reduction in three of the four diatom species. Under elevated pCO2Skeletonema marinoi reduced silica content by 30% and in Alexandrium minutum the toxin content was reduced by 30%. Using copepodamides to induce defensive traits in the absence of direct grazing provides a straightforward methodology to assess costs of defense in microplankton. We conclude that copepodamide signalling system is likely robust to ocean acidification. Moreover, the variable responses of different taxa to ocean acidification suggest that there will be winners and losers in a high pCO2 world, and that ocean acidification may have structuring effects on phytoplankton communities. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Copepods Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Marine Science 9 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
chemical defenses chemical ecology ocean acidification inducible defense plankton ecology predator-prey interactions Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
chemical defenses chemical ecology ocean acidification inducible defense plankton ecology predator-prey interactions Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Kristie Rigby Alexandra Kinnby Josephine Grønning Fredrik Ryderheim Gunnar Cervin Emma L. Berdan Erik Selander Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World |
topic_facet |
chemical defenses chemical ecology ocean acidification inducible defense plankton ecology predator-prey interactions Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
Phytoplankton induce defensive traits in response to chemical alarm signals from grazing zooplankton. However, these signals are potentially vulnerable to changes in pH and it is not yet known how predator recognition may be affected by ocean acidification. We exposed four species of diatoms and one toxic dinoflagellate to future pCO2 levels, projected by the turn of the century, in factorial combinations with predatory cues from copepods (copepodamides). We measured the change in growth, chain length, silica content, and toxin content. Effects of increased pCO2 were highly species specific. The induction of defensive traits was accompanied by a significant reduction in growth rate in three out of five species. The reduction averaged 39% and we interpret this as an allocation cost associated with defensive traits. Copepodamides induced significant chain length reduction in three of the four diatom species. Under elevated pCO2Skeletonema marinoi reduced silica content by 30% and in Alexandrium minutum the toxin content was reduced by 30%. Using copepodamides to induce defensive traits in the absence of direct grazing provides a straightforward methodology to assess costs of defense in microplankton. We conclude that copepodamide signalling system is likely robust to ocean acidification. Moreover, the variable responses of different taxa to ocean acidification suggest that there will be winners and losers in a high pCO2 world, and that ocean acidification may have structuring effects on phytoplankton communities. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kristie Rigby Alexandra Kinnby Josephine Grønning Fredrik Ryderheim Gunnar Cervin Emma L. Berdan Erik Selander |
author_facet |
Kristie Rigby Alexandra Kinnby Josephine Grønning Fredrik Ryderheim Gunnar Cervin Emma L. Berdan Erik Selander |
author_sort |
Kristie Rigby |
title |
Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World |
title_short |
Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World |
title_full |
Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World |
title_fullStr |
Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World |
title_full_unstemmed |
Species Specific Responses to Grazer Cues and Acidification in Phytoplankton- Winners and Losers in a Changing World |
title_sort |
species specific responses to grazer cues and acidification in phytoplankton- winners and losers in a changing world |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.875858 https://doaj.org/article/f577b12d920a4a45b85cb3149a80aede |
genre |
Ocean acidification Copepods |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification Copepods |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 9 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2022.875858/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.875858 https://doaj.org/article/f577b12d920a4a45b85cb3149a80aede |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.875858 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
9 |
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1766155920386031616 |