Empirical Models for Estimating Air Temperature Using MODIS Land Surface Temperature (and Spatiotemporal Variables) in the Hurd Peninsula of Livingston Island, Antarctica, between 2000 and 2016

• Published in: Remote Sensing
• Main Authors: Carmen Recondo, Alejandro Corbea-Pérez, Juanjo Peón, Enrique Pendás, Miguel Ramos, Javier F. Calleja, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Susana Fernández, José Antonio Corrales
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2022
• Subjects: air temperature; MODIS LST; LOESS; MLR models; T a estimation from LST data; Livingston Island; Science; Q; Ramos; Hurd; Johnsons; Hurd peninsula; Johnsons Glacier; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133206; https://doaj.org/article/f48a72eacf89465883878938353fdc87

In this article, we present empirical models for estimating daily mean air temperature ( T a ) in the Hurd Peninsula of Livingston Island (Antarctica) using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature (LST) data and spatiotemporal variables. The models were obtained and validated using the daily mean T a from three Spanish in situ meteorological stations (AEMET stations), Juan Carlos I (JCI), Johnsons Glacier (JG), and Hurd Glacier (HG), and three stations in our team’s monitoring sites, Incinerador (INC), Reina Sofía (SOF), and Collado Ramos (CR), as well as daytime and nighttime Terra-MODIS LST and Aqua-MODIS LST data between 2000 and 2016. Two types of multiple linear regression (MLR) models were obtained: models for each individual station (for JCI, INC, SOF, and CR—not for JG and HG due to a lack of data) and global models using all stations. In the study period, the JCI and INC stations were relocated, so we analyzed the data from both locations separately (JCI1 and JCI2; INC1 and INC2). In general, the best individual T a models were obtained using daytime Terra LST data, the best results for CR being followed by JCI2, SOF, and INC2 (R 2 = 0.5–0.7 and RSE = 2 °C). Model cross validation (CV) yielded results similar to those of the models (for the daytime Terra LST data: R 2 CV = 0.4–0.6, RMSE CV = 2.5–2.7 °C, and bias = −0.1 to 0.1 °C). The best global T a model was also obtained using daytime Terra LST data (R 2 = 0.6 and RSE = 2 °C; in its validation: R 2 CV = 0.5, RMSE CV = 3, and bias = −0.03), along with the significant ( p < 0.05) variables: linear time (t) and two time harmonics ( sine-cosine ), distance to the coast (d), slope (s), curvature (c), and hour of LST observation (H). T a and LST data were carefully corrected and filtered, respectively, prior to its analysis and comparison. The analysis of the T a time series revealed different cooling/warming trends in the locations, indicating a complex climatic variability at a spatial scale in the Hurd ...