Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation”
The Piacenzian stage (3.6–2.6 Ma) of the Pliocene is the most recent period where Earth experienced sustained intervals of global warmth analogous to predicted near-future climates. Despite considerable efforts to characterize and understand the climate dynamics of the Piacenzian, the deep ocean and...
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Copernicus Publications
2023
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023 https://doaj.org/article/f4472850b5ab4cf89772c4e35d04aae9 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f4472850b5ab4cf89772c4e35d04aae9 2023-12-03T10:26:34+01:00 Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” A. H. Braaten K. A. Jakob S. L. Ho O. Friedrich E. V. Galaasen S. De Schepper P. A. Wilson A. N. Meckler 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023 https://doaj.org/article/f4472850b5ab4cf89772c4e35d04aae9 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/19/2109/2023/cp-19-2109-2023.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://doaj.org/article/f4472850b5ab4cf89772c4e35d04aae9 Climate of the Past, Vol 19, Pp 2109-2125 (2023) Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023 2023-11-05T01:39:47Z The Piacenzian stage (3.6–2.6 Ma) of the Pliocene is the most recent period where Earth experienced sustained intervals of global warmth analogous to predicted near-future climates. Despite considerable efforts to characterize and understand the climate dynamics of the Piacenzian, the deep ocean and its response to this warming remain poorly understood. Here we present new mid-Piacenzian Mg / Ca <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="700b3fc68ecb2b756b07b7b04725d37f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-19-2109-2023-ie00001.svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" src="cp-19-2109-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> and Δ 47 (“clumped isotope”) temperatures from the deep Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. These records cover the transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2 – considered the most pronounced “glacial” stage of the Pliocene prior to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation – to the warm KM5 interglacial. We find that a large ( > 4 ∘ C) temperature gradient existed between these two basins throughout that interval, with the deep North Atlantic considerably warmer and likely saltier than at present. We interpret our results to indicate that the deep Pacific and North Atlantic oceans were bathed by water masses with very different physical properties during the mid-Piacenzian, and that only a limited deep oceanic exchange occurred between the two basins. Our results point to a fundamentally different mode of ocean circulation or mixing compared to the present, where heat and salt are distributed from the North Atlantic into the Pacific. The amplitude of cooling observed at both sites during MIS M2 suggests that changes in benthic δ 18 O associated with this cold stage were mostly driven by temperature change in the deep ocean rather than by ice volume. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Pacific Climate of the Past 19 11 2109 2125 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 A. H. Braaten K. A. Jakob S. L. Ho O. Friedrich E. V. Galaasen S. De Schepper P. A. Wilson A. N. Meckler Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” |
topic_facet |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
The Piacenzian stage (3.6–2.6 Ma) of the Pliocene is the most recent period where Earth experienced sustained intervals of global warmth analogous to predicted near-future climates. Despite considerable efforts to characterize and understand the climate dynamics of the Piacenzian, the deep ocean and its response to this warming remain poorly understood. Here we present new mid-Piacenzian Mg / Ca <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="700b3fc68ecb2b756b07b7b04725d37f"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-19-2109-2023-ie00001.svg" width="37pt" height="14pt" src="cp-19-2109-2023-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> and Δ 47 (“clumped isotope”) temperatures from the deep Pacific and North Atlantic oceans. These records cover the transition from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2 – considered the most pronounced “glacial” stage of the Pliocene prior to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciation – to the warm KM5 interglacial. We find that a large ( > 4 ∘ C) temperature gradient existed between these two basins throughout that interval, with the deep North Atlantic considerably warmer and likely saltier than at present. We interpret our results to indicate that the deep Pacific and North Atlantic oceans were bathed by water masses with very different physical properties during the mid-Piacenzian, and that only a limited deep oceanic exchange occurred between the two basins. Our results point to a fundamentally different mode of ocean circulation or mixing compared to the present, where heat and salt are distributed from the North Atlantic into the Pacific. The amplitude of cooling observed at both sites during MIS M2 suggests that changes in benthic δ 18 O associated with this cold stage were mostly driven by temperature change in the deep ocean rather than by ice volume. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
A. H. Braaten K. A. Jakob S. L. Ho O. Friedrich E. V. Galaasen S. De Schepper P. A. Wilson A. N. Meckler |
author_facet |
A. H. Braaten K. A. Jakob S. L. Ho O. Friedrich E. V. Galaasen S. De Schepper P. A. Wilson A. N. Meckler |
author_sort |
A. H. Braaten |
title |
Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” |
title_short |
Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” |
title_full |
Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” |
title_fullStr |
Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” |
title_full_unstemmed |
Limited exchange between the deep Pacific and Atlantic oceans during the warm mid-Pliocene and Marine Isotope Stage M2 “glaciation” |
title_sort |
limited exchange between the deep pacific and atlantic oceans during the warm mid-pliocene and marine isotope stage m2 “glaciation” |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023 https://doaj.org/article/f4472850b5ab4cf89772c4e35d04aae9 |
geographic |
Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Pacific |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Climate of the Past, Vol 19, Pp 2109-2125 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/19/2109/2023/cp-19-2109-2023.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://doaj.org/article/f4472850b5ab4cf89772c4e35d04aae9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-19-2109-2023 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
2109 |
op_container_end_page |
2125 |
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1784275897863372800 |