Solid Angle Geometry-Based Modeling of Volume Scattering with Application in the Adaptive Decomposition of GF-3 Data of Sea Ice in Antarctica

• Published in: Remote Sensing
• Main Authors: Dong Li, He Lu, Yunhua Zhang
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2023
• Subjects: polarimetric decomposition; radar polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar; sea ice; volume scattering model; Science; Q; Antarc*; Antarctica; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15123208; https://doaj.org/article/f441ea4912d649e08d5a7481816fa81b

Over the last two decades, spaceborne polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) has been widely used to penetrate sea ice surfaces to achieve fully polarimetric high-resolution imaging at all times of day and in a range of weather conditions. Model-based polarimetric decomposition is a powerful tool used to extract useful physical and geometric information about sea ice from the matrix datasets acquired by PolSAR. The volume scattering of sea ice is usually modeled as the incoherent average of scatterings of a large volume of oriented ellipsoid particles that are uniformly distributed in 3D space. This uniform spatial distribution is often approximated as a uniform orientation distribution (UOD), i.e., the particles are uniformly oriented in all directions. This is achieved in the existing literature by ensuring the canting angle <semantics> φ </semantics> and tilt angle <semantics> τ </semantics> of particles uniformly distributed in their respective ranges and introducing a factor <semantics> cos ⁡ τ </semantics> in the ensemble average. However, we find this implementation of UOD is not always effective, while a real UOD can be realized by distributing the solid angles of particles uniformly in 3D space. By deriving the total solid angle of the canting-tilt cell spanned by particles and combining the differential relationship between solid angle and Euler angles <semantics> φ </semantics> and <semantics> τ </semantics> , a complete expression of the joint probability density function <semantics> p <mfenced separators="|"> φ , τ </mfenced> </semantics> that can always ensure the uniform orientation of particles of sea ice is realized. By ensemble integrating the coherency matrix of <semantics> <mfenced separators="|"> φ , τ </mfenced> </semantics> -oriented particle with <semantics> p <mfenced separators="|"> φ , τ </mfenced> </semantics> , a generalized modeling of the ...