Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming
In the last few decades, temperatures in the Arctic have increased twice as much as the rest of the globe. As permafrost thaws in response to this warming, large amounts of soil organic matter may become vulnerable to decomposition. Microbial decomposition will release carbon (C) from permafrost soi...
Published in: | Environmental Research Letters |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff https://doaj.org/article/f43115f3c09044a8a5580a6ea8a8c583 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f43115f3c09044a8a5580a6ea8a8c583 2023-09-05T13:17:08+02:00 Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming Christina Schädel Charles D Koven David M Lawrence Gerardo Celis Anthony J Garnello Jack Hutchings Marguerite Mauritz Susan M Natali Elaine Pegoraro Heidi Rodenhizer Verity G Salmon Meghan A Taylor Elizabeth E Webb William R Wieder Edward AG Schuur 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff https://doaj.org/article/f43115f3c09044a8a5580a6ea8a8c583 EN eng IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/f43115f3c09044a8a5580a6ea8a8c583 Environmental Research Letters, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 105002 (2018) gross primary productivity net ecosystem exchange ecosystem respiration tundra thaw CLM Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff 2023-08-13T00:37:31Z In the last few decades, temperatures in the Arctic have increased twice as much as the rest of the globe. As permafrost thaws in response to this warming, large amounts of soil organic matter may become vulnerable to decomposition. Microbial decomposition will release carbon (C) from permafrost soils, however, warmer conditions could also lead to enhanced plant growth and C uptake. Field and modeling studies show high uncertainty in soil and plant responses to climate change but there have been few studies that reconcile field and model data to understand differences and reduce uncertainty. Here, we evaluate gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R _eco ), and net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) from eight years of experimental soil warming in moist acidic tundra against equivalent fluxes from the Community Land Model during simulations parameterized to reflect the field conditions associated with this manipulative field experiment. Over the eight-year experimental period, soil temperatures and thaw depths increased with warming in field observations and model simulations. However, the field and model results do not agree on warming effects on water table depth; warming created wetter soils in the field and drier soils in the models. In the field, initial increases in growing season GPP, R _eco , and NEE to experimentally-induced permafrost thaw created a higher C sink capacity in the first years followed by a stronger C source in years six through eight. In contrast, both models predicted linear increases in GPP, R _eco , and NEE with warming. The divergence of model results from field experiments reveals the role subsidence, hydrology, and nutrient cycling play in influencing the C flux responses to permafrost thaw, a complexity that the models are not structurally able to predict, and highlight challenges associated with projecting C cycle dynamics across the Arctic. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change permafrost Tundra Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Environmental Research Letters 13 10 105002 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
gross primary productivity net ecosystem exchange ecosystem respiration tundra thaw CLM Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
spellingShingle |
gross primary productivity net ecosystem exchange ecosystem respiration tundra thaw CLM Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 Christina Schädel Charles D Koven David M Lawrence Gerardo Celis Anthony J Garnello Jack Hutchings Marguerite Mauritz Susan M Natali Elaine Pegoraro Heidi Rodenhizer Verity G Salmon Meghan A Taylor Elizabeth E Webb William R Wieder Edward AG Schuur Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming |
topic_facet |
gross primary productivity net ecosystem exchange ecosystem respiration tundra thaw CLM Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
description |
In the last few decades, temperatures in the Arctic have increased twice as much as the rest of the globe. As permafrost thaws in response to this warming, large amounts of soil organic matter may become vulnerable to decomposition. Microbial decomposition will release carbon (C) from permafrost soils, however, warmer conditions could also lead to enhanced plant growth and C uptake. Field and modeling studies show high uncertainty in soil and plant responses to climate change but there have been few studies that reconcile field and model data to understand differences and reduce uncertainty. Here, we evaluate gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (R _eco ), and net ecosystem C exchange (NEE) from eight years of experimental soil warming in moist acidic tundra against equivalent fluxes from the Community Land Model during simulations parameterized to reflect the field conditions associated with this manipulative field experiment. Over the eight-year experimental period, soil temperatures and thaw depths increased with warming in field observations and model simulations. However, the field and model results do not agree on warming effects on water table depth; warming created wetter soils in the field and drier soils in the models. In the field, initial increases in growing season GPP, R _eco , and NEE to experimentally-induced permafrost thaw created a higher C sink capacity in the first years followed by a stronger C source in years six through eight. In contrast, both models predicted linear increases in GPP, R _eco , and NEE with warming. The divergence of model results from field experiments reveals the role subsidence, hydrology, and nutrient cycling play in influencing the C flux responses to permafrost thaw, a complexity that the models are not structurally able to predict, and highlight challenges associated with projecting C cycle dynamics across the Arctic. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Christina Schädel Charles D Koven David M Lawrence Gerardo Celis Anthony J Garnello Jack Hutchings Marguerite Mauritz Susan M Natali Elaine Pegoraro Heidi Rodenhizer Verity G Salmon Meghan A Taylor Elizabeth E Webb William R Wieder Edward AG Schuur |
author_facet |
Christina Schädel Charles D Koven David M Lawrence Gerardo Celis Anthony J Garnello Jack Hutchings Marguerite Mauritz Susan M Natali Elaine Pegoraro Heidi Rodenhizer Verity G Salmon Meghan A Taylor Elizabeth E Webb William R Wieder Edward AG Schuur |
author_sort |
Christina Schädel |
title |
Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming |
title_short |
Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming |
title_full |
Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming |
title_fullStr |
Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming |
title_full_unstemmed |
Divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to Arctic warming |
title_sort |
divergent patterns of experimental and model-derived permafrost ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to arctic warming |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff https://doaj.org/article/f43115f3c09044a8a5580a6ea8a8c583 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change permafrost Tundra |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 105002 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/f43115f3c09044a8a5580a6ea8a8c583 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae0ff |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
105002 |
_version_ |
1776198427686731776 |