Research on the Directional Characteristics of the Reflectance of Oil-Contaminated Sea Ice

• Published in: Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
• Main Authors: Yulong Du, Bingxin Liu, Jiankang Xu, Ying Li, Peng Liu, Peng Chen
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2023
• Subjects: oil spill; sea ice; BRDF; kernel-driven model; Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering; VM1-989; Oceanography; GC1-1581; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11081503; https://doaj.org/article/f389b97f4116486e87ed44ca329a0028

Remote sensing has been widely used for oil spill monitoring in open waters. However, research on remote sensing monitoring of oil spills in ice-infested sea waters (IISWs) is still scarce. The spectral characteristics of oil-contaminated sea ice (OCSI) and clean sea ice (CSI) and their differences are an important basis for oil spill detection using visible/near-infrared (VNIR) remote sensing. Such features and differences can change with the observation geometry, affecting the identification accuracy. In this study, we carried out multi-angle reflection observation experiments of oil-contaminated sea ice (OCSI) and proposed a kernel-driven bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model, Walthall–Ross thick-Litransit-Lisparse-r-RPV (WaRoLstRPV), which takes into account the strong forward-scattering characteristics of sea ice. We also analyzed the preferred observation geometry for oil spill monitoring in IISWs. In the validation using actual measured data, the proposed WaRoLstRPV performed well, with RMSEs of 0.0031 and 0.0026 for CSI and OCSI, respectively, outperforming the commonly used kernel-driven BRDF models, Ross thick-Li sparse (R-LiSpr), QU-Roujean (Qu-R), QU-Lisparse R-r-RPV (Qu-LiSpr-RrRPV), and Walthall (Wa). The observation geometry with a zenith angle around 50° and relative azimuth ranging from 250° to 290° is preferred for oil spill detection in IISWs.