A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals.
Ebola virus (EBOV) caused more than 11,000 deaths during the 2013-2016 epidemic in West Africa without approved vaccines or immunotherapeutics. Despite its high lethality in some individuals, EBOV infection can produce little to no symptoms in others. A better understanding of the immune responses i...
Published in: | PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006530 https://doaj.org/article/f357f06e159d42ea997d7eef49ed79bb |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f357f06e159d42ea997d7eef49ed79bb |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f357f06e159d42ea997d7eef49ed79bb 2023-05-15T15:16:31+02:00 A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals. Bobby Brooke Herrera Donald J Hamel Philip Oshun Rolake Akinsola Alani S Akanmu Charlotte A Chang Philomena Eromon Onikepe Folarin Kayode T Adeyemi Christian T Happi Yichen Lu Folasade Ogunsola Phyllis J Kanki 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006530 https://doaj.org/article/f357f06e159d42ea997d7eef49ed79bb EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5991402?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006530 https://doaj.org/article/f357f06e159d42ea997d7eef49ed79bb PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 5, p e0006530 (2018) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006530 2022-12-31T13:27:19Z Ebola virus (EBOV) caused more than 11,000 deaths during the 2013-2016 epidemic in West Africa without approved vaccines or immunotherapeutics. Despite its high lethality in some individuals, EBOV infection can produce little to no symptoms in others. A better understanding of the immune responses in individuals who experienced minimally symptomatic and asymptomatic infection could aid the development of more effective vaccines and antivirals against EBOV and related filoviruses.Between August and November 2017, blood samples were collected from 19 study participants in Lagos, Nigeria, including 3 Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors, 10 individuals with documented close contact with symptomatic EVD patients, and 6 control healthcare workers for a cross-sectional serosurvey and T cell analysis. The Lagos samples, as well as archived serum collected from healthy individuals living in surrounding areas of the 1976 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) epidemic, were tested for EBOV IgG using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Western blots. We detected antibodies in 3 out of 3 Lagos survivors and identified 2 seropositive individuals not known to have ever been infected. Of the DRC samples tested, we detected antibodies in 9 out of 71 (12.7%). To characterize the T cell responses in the Lagos samples, we developed an anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. The seropositive asymptomatic individuals had T cell responses against EBOV nucleoprotein, matrix protein, and glycoprotein 1 that were stronger in magnitude compared to the survivors.Our data provide further evidence of EBOV exposure in individuals without EVD-like illness and, for the first time, demonstrate that these individuals have T cell responses that are stronger in magnitude compared to severe cases. These findings suggest that T cell immunity may protect against severe EVD, which has important implications for vaccine development. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 12 5 e0006530 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Bobby Brooke Herrera Donald J Hamel Philip Oshun Rolake Akinsola Alani S Akanmu Charlotte A Chang Philomena Eromon Onikepe Folarin Kayode T Adeyemi Christian T Happi Yichen Lu Folasade Ogunsola Phyllis J Kanki A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Ebola virus (EBOV) caused more than 11,000 deaths during the 2013-2016 epidemic in West Africa without approved vaccines or immunotherapeutics. Despite its high lethality in some individuals, EBOV infection can produce little to no symptoms in others. A better understanding of the immune responses in individuals who experienced minimally symptomatic and asymptomatic infection could aid the development of more effective vaccines and antivirals against EBOV and related filoviruses.Between August and November 2017, blood samples were collected from 19 study participants in Lagos, Nigeria, including 3 Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors, 10 individuals with documented close contact with symptomatic EVD patients, and 6 control healthcare workers for a cross-sectional serosurvey and T cell analysis. The Lagos samples, as well as archived serum collected from healthy individuals living in surrounding areas of the 1976 Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) epidemic, were tested for EBOV IgG using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and Western blots. We detected antibodies in 3 out of 3 Lagos survivors and identified 2 seropositive individuals not known to have ever been infected. Of the DRC samples tested, we detected antibodies in 9 out of 71 (12.7%). To characterize the T cell responses in the Lagos samples, we developed an anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. The seropositive asymptomatic individuals had T cell responses against EBOV nucleoprotein, matrix protein, and glycoprotein 1 that were stronger in magnitude compared to the survivors.Our data provide further evidence of EBOV exposure in individuals without EVD-like illness and, for the first time, demonstrate that these individuals have T cell responses that are stronger in magnitude compared to severe cases. These findings suggest that T cell immunity may protect against severe EVD, which has important implications for vaccine development. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bobby Brooke Herrera Donald J Hamel Philip Oshun Rolake Akinsola Alani S Akanmu Charlotte A Chang Philomena Eromon Onikepe Folarin Kayode T Adeyemi Christian T Happi Yichen Lu Folasade Ogunsola Phyllis J Kanki |
author_facet |
Bobby Brooke Herrera Donald J Hamel Philip Oshun Rolake Akinsola Alani S Akanmu Charlotte A Chang Philomena Eromon Onikepe Folarin Kayode T Adeyemi Christian T Happi Yichen Lu Folasade Ogunsola Phyllis J Kanki |
author_sort |
Bobby Brooke Herrera |
title |
A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals. |
title_short |
A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals. |
title_full |
A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals. |
title_fullStr |
A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals. |
title_full_unstemmed |
A modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust T cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic Ebola virus exposed individuals. |
title_sort |
modified anthrax toxin-based enzyme-linked immunospot assay reveals robust t cell responses in symptomatic and asymptomatic ebola virus exposed individuals. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006530 https://doaj.org/article/f357f06e159d42ea997d7eef49ed79bb |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 5, p e0006530 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5991402?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006530 https://doaj.org/article/f357f06e159d42ea997d7eef49ed79bb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006530 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e0006530 |
_version_ |
1766346815384322048 |