Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference?
Abstract Background Travelers’ diarrhea remains a prevalent illness impacting individuals visiting developing countries, however most studies have focused on this disease in the context of short term travel. This study aims to determine the regional estimates of travelers’ diarrhea incidence, pathog...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f30111c5c29b4f899ff398225857e850 2023-05-15T15:15:11+02:00 Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference? Scott Olson Alexis Hall Mark S. Riddle Chad K. Porter 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 https://doaj.org/article/f30111c5c29b4f899ff398225857e850 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 https://doaj.org/toc/2055-0936 doi:10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 2055-0936 https://doaj.org/article/f30111c5c29b4f899ff398225857e850 Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2019) Travelers’ diarrhea Long term traveler Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) Campylobacter Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 2022-12-31T09:27:36Z Abstract Background Travelers’ diarrhea remains a prevalent illness impacting individuals visiting developing countries, however most studies have focused on this disease in the context of short term travel. This study aims to determine the regional estimates of travelers’ diarrhea incidence, pathogen-specific prevalence, and describe the morbidity associated with diarrheal disease among deployed military personnel and similar long term travelers. Methods We updated a prior systematic review to include publications between January 1990 and June 2015. Point estimates and confidence intervals of travelers’ diarrhea and pathogen prevalence were combined in a random effects model and assessed for heterogeneity. Eighty-two studies were included in the analysis, including 29 new studies since the prior systematic review. Results Military personnel were evaluated in 69% of studies and non-military long term travelers in 34%, with a median duration of travel of 4.9 months, and travel predominantly to the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Sixty-two percent of tested cases were due to bacterial pathogens, with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and Campylobacter predominating, and significant regional variability. The incidence of TD from studies with longitudinal data was 36.3 cases per 100 person-months, with the highest rates in Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Middle East, with higher estimates from those studies using self-reporting of disease. Morbidity remained significant, with 21% being incapacitated or placed sick in quarters (SIQ) by their illness, 15% requiring intravenous fluids, and 3% requiring hospitalization. Conclusions In comparison to results from the prior systematic review, there were no significant differences in incidence, pathogen prevalence, or morbidity; however there was a trend toward improved care-seeking by sick individuals. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines 5 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
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Travelers’ diarrhea Long term traveler Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) Campylobacter Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
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Travelers’ diarrhea Long term traveler Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) Campylobacter Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Scott Olson Alexis Hall Mark S. Riddle Chad K. Porter Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference? |
topic_facet |
Travelers’ diarrhea Long term traveler Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) Campylobacter Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 |
description |
Abstract Background Travelers’ diarrhea remains a prevalent illness impacting individuals visiting developing countries, however most studies have focused on this disease in the context of short term travel. This study aims to determine the regional estimates of travelers’ diarrhea incidence, pathogen-specific prevalence, and describe the morbidity associated with diarrheal disease among deployed military personnel and similar long term travelers. Methods We updated a prior systematic review to include publications between January 1990 and June 2015. Point estimates and confidence intervals of travelers’ diarrhea and pathogen prevalence were combined in a random effects model and assessed for heterogeneity. Eighty-two studies were included in the analysis, including 29 new studies since the prior systematic review. Results Military personnel were evaluated in 69% of studies and non-military long term travelers in 34%, with a median duration of travel of 4.9 months, and travel predominantly to the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Sixty-two percent of tested cases were due to bacterial pathogens, with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), and Campylobacter predominating, and significant regional variability. The incidence of TD from studies with longitudinal data was 36.3 cases per 100 person-months, with the highest rates in Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Middle East, with higher estimates from those studies using self-reporting of disease. Morbidity remained significant, with 21% being incapacitated or placed sick in quarters (SIQ) by their illness, 15% requiring intravenous fluids, and 3% requiring hospitalization. Conclusions In comparison to results from the prior systematic review, there were no significant differences in incidence, pathogen prevalence, or morbidity; however there was a trend toward improved care-seeking by sick individuals. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Scott Olson Alexis Hall Mark S. Riddle Chad K. Porter |
author_facet |
Scott Olson Alexis Hall Mark S. Riddle Chad K. Porter |
author_sort |
Scott Olson |
title |
Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference? |
title_short |
Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference? |
title_full |
Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference? |
title_fullStr |
Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference? |
title_sort |
travelers’ diarrhea: update on the incidence, etiology and risk in military and similar populations – 1990-2005 versus 2005–2015, does a decade make a difference? |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 https://doaj.org/article/f30111c5c29b4f899ff398225857e850 |
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Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2019) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 https://doaj.org/toc/2055-0936 doi:10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 2055-0936 https://doaj.org/article/f30111c5c29b4f899ff398225857e850 |
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s40794-018-0077-1 |
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Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines |
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5 |
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1 |
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1766345556453490688 |