Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation
Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are complex to manage due to their intermittent nature and their severe impact on the economy and human health. The conditions which promote HAB have not yet been fully explained, though climate change and anthropogenic intervention are pointed as significant factors. The...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f2e0967391924bae8012534fb15f7dae 2023-05-15T17:33:55+02:00 Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation Marisa Silva Vijaya K. Pratheepa Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos 2015-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7030859 https://doaj.org/article/f2e0967391924bae8012534fb15f7dae EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/3/859 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins7030859 https://doaj.org/article/f2e0967391924bae8012534fb15f7dae Toxins, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 859-885 (2015) emergent toxins monitoring new vectors legislation Medicine R article 2015 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7030859 2022-12-30T20:28:29Z Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are complex to manage due to their intermittent nature and their severe impact on the economy and human health. The conditions which promote HAB have not yet been fully explained, though climate change and anthropogenic intervention are pointed as significant factors. The rise of water temperature, the opening of new sea canals and the introduction of ship ballast waters all contribute to the dispersion and establishment of toxin-producing invasive species that promote the settling of emergent toxins in the food-chain. Tetrodotoxin, ciguatoxin, palytoxin and cyclic imines are commonly reported in warm waters but have also caused poisoning incidents in temperate zones. There is evidence that monitoring for these toxins exclusively in bivalves is simplistic and underestimates the risk to public health, since new vectors have been reported for these toxins and as well for regulated toxins such as PSTs and DSTs. In order to avoid public health impacts, there is a need for adequate monitoring programs, a need for establishing appropriate legislation, and a need for optimizing effective methods of analysis. In this review, we will compile evidence concerning emergent marine toxins and provide data that may indicate the need to restructure the current monitoring programs of HAB. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Toxins 7 3 859 885 |
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emergent toxins monitoring new vectors legislation Medicine R |
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emergent toxins monitoring new vectors legislation Medicine R Marisa Silva Vijaya K. Pratheepa Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation |
topic_facet |
emergent toxins monitoring new vectors legislation Medicine R |
description |
Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) are complex to manage due to their intermittent nature and their severe impact on the economy and human health. The conditions which promote HAB have not yet been fully explained, though climate change and anthropogenic intervention are pointed as significant factors. The rise of water temperature, the opening of new sea canals and the introduction of ship ballast waters all contribute to the dispersion and establishment of toxin-producing invasive species that promote the settling of emergent toxins in the food-chain. Tetrodotoxin, ciguatoxin, palytoxin and cyclic imines are commonly reported in warm waters but have also caused poisoning incidents in temperate zones. There is evidence that monitoring for these toxins exclusively in bivalves is simplistic and underestimates the risk to public health, since new vectors have been reported for these toxins and as well for regulated toxins such as PSTs and DSTs. In order to avoid public health impacts, there is a need for adequate monitoring programs, a need for establishing appropriate legislation, and a need for optimizing effective methods of analysis. In this review, we will compile evidence concerning emergent marine toxins and provide data that may indicate the need to restructure the current monitoring programs of HAB. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Marisa Silva Vijaya K. Pratheepa Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos |
author_facet |
Marisa Silva Vijaya K. Pratheepa Luis M. Botana Vitor Vasconcelos |
author_sort |
Marisa Silva |
title |
Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation |
title_short |
Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation |
title_full |
Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation |
title_fullStr |
Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Emergent Toxins in North Atlantic Temperate Waters: A Challenge for Monitoring Programs and Legislation |
title_sort |
emergent toxins in north atlantic temperate waters: a challenge for monitoring programs and legislation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7030859 https://doaj.org/article/f2e0967391924bae8012534fb15f7dae |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Toxins, Vol 7, Iss 3, Pp 859-885 (2015) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/7/3/859 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins7030859 https://doaj.org/article/f2e0967391924bae8012534fb15f7dae |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7030859 |
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Toxins |
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7 |
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3 |
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859 |
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885 |
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1766132571043790848 |