The effect of PACAP administration on LPS-induced cytokine expression in the Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cell line.
Recent work has identified pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) as a potential antimicrobial and immune stimulating agent which may be suitable for use in aquaculture. However, its effects on teleost immunity are not well studied and may be significantly different than what has...
Published in: | Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f2d4a78fa5494a649d56c6804a758a84 2024-01-07T09:42:13+01:00 The effect of PACAP administration on LPS-induced cytokine expression in the Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cell line. James Hugh Campbell Xiaoqing Dang Tania Rodríguez-Ramos Yamila Carpio Mario P. Estrada Brian Dixon 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100116 https://doaj.org/article/f2d4a78fa5494a649d56c6804a758a84 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667011923000361 https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0119 2667-0119 doi:10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100116 https://doaj.org/article/f2d4a78fa5494a649d56c6804a758a84 Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100116- (2023) Atlantic salmon PACAP innate immunity immunostimulant SHK-1 Flavobacterium columnare Zoology QL1-991 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100116 2023-12-10T01:38:42Z Recent work has identified pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) as a potential antimicrobial and immune stimulating agent which may be suitable for use in aquaculture. However, its effects on teleost immunity are not well studied and may be significantly different than what has been observed in mammals. In this study we examined the effects of PACAP on the Atlantic salmon macrophage cell line SHK-1. PACAP was able to increase the expression of LPS-induced il-1β in at concentrations of 1 uM when administered 24h prior to LPS stimulation. Furthermore, concentrations as low as 40nM had an effect when administered both 24h prior and in tandem with LPS. PACAP was also capable of increasing the expression of il-1β and tnf-α in SHK-1 cells challenged with a low dose of heat-killed Flavobacterium columnare. We attempted to get a better understanding of the mechanism underlying this enhancement of il-1β expression by manipulating downstream signaling of PACAP with inhibitors of phosphodiesterase and phospholipase C activity. We found that inducing cAMP accumulation with phosphodiesterase inhibitors failed to recapitulate the effect of PACAP administration on LPS-mediated il-1β expression by PACAP, while use of a phospholipase C inhibitor caused a PACAP-like enhancement in LPS-mediated il-1β expression. Interestingly, the VPAC1 receptor inhibitor PG97-269, but not the PAC1 inhibitor max.d.4, also was capable of causing a PACAP-like enhancement in LPS-mediated il-1β expression. This suggests that fish do not utilize the PACAP receptors in the same manner as mammals, but that it still exerts an immunostimulatory effect that make it a good immunostimulant for use in aquaculture. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports 5 100116 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Atlantic salmon PACAP innate immunity immunostimulant SHK-1 Flavobacterium columnare Zoology QL1-991 |
spellingShingle |
Atlantic salmon PACAP innate immunity immunostimulant SHK-1 Flavobacterium columnare Zoology QL1-991 James Hugh Campbell Xiaoqing Dang Tania Rodríguez-Ramos Yamila Carpio Mario P. Estrada Brian Dixon The effect of PACAP administration on LPS-induced cytokine expression in the Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cell line. |
topic_facet |
Atlantic salmon PACAP innate immunity immunostimulant SHK-1 Flavobacterium columnare Zoology QL1-991 |
description |
Recent work has identified pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) as a potential antimicrobial and immune stimulating agent which may be suitable for use in aquaculture. However, its effects on teleost immunity are not well studied and may be significantly different than what has been observed in mammals. In this study we examined the effects of PACAP on the Atlantic salmon macrophage cell line SHK-1. PACAP was able to increase the expression of LPS-induced il-1β in at concentrations of 1 uM when administered 24h prior to LPS stimulation. Furthermore, concentrations as low as 40nM had an effect when administered both 24h prior and in tandem with LPS. PACAP was also capable of increasing the expression of il-1β and tnf-α in SHK-1 cells challenged with a low dose of heat-killed Flavobacterium columnare. We attempted to get a better understanding of the mechanism underlying this enhancement of il-1β expression by manipulating downstream signaling of PACAP with inhibitors of phosphodiesterase and phospholipase C activity. We found that inducing cAMP accumulation with phosphodiesterase inhibitors failed to recapitulate the effect of PACAP administration on LPS-mediated il-1β expression by PACAP, while use of a phospholipase C inhibitor caused a PACAP-like enhancement in LPS-mediated il-1β expression. Interestingly, the VPAC1 receptor inhibitor PG97-269, but not the PAC1 inhibitor max.d.4, also was capable of causing a PACAP-like enhancement in LPS-mediated il-1β expression. This suggests that fish do not utilize the PACAP receptors in the same manner as mammals, but that it still exerts an immunostimulatory effect that make it a good immunostimulant for use in aquaculture. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
James Hugh Campbell Xiaoqing Dang Tania Rodríguez-Ramos Yamila Carpio Mario P. Estrada Brian Dixon |
author_facet |
James Hugh Campbell Xiaoqing Dang Tania Rodríguez-Ramos Yamila Carpio Mario P. Estrada Brian Dixon |
author_sort |
James Hugh Campbell |
title |
The effect of PACAP administration on LPS-induced cytokine expression in the Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cell line. |
title_short |
The effect of PACAP administration on LPS-induced cytokine expression in the Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cell line. |
title_full |
The effect of PACAP administration on LPS-induced cytokine expression in the Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cell line. |
title_fullStr |
The effect of PACAP administration on LPS-induced cytokine expression in the Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cell line. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of PACAP administration on LPS-induced cytokine expression in the Atlantic salmon SHK-1 cell line. |
title_sort |
effect of pacap administration on lps-induced cytokine expression in the atlantic salmon shk-1 cell line. |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100116 https://doaj.org/article/f2d4a78fa5494a649d56c6804a758a84 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports, Vol 5, Iss , Pp 100116- (2023) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667011923000361 https://doaj.org/toc/2667-0119 2667-0119 doi:10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100116 https://doaj.org/article/f2d4a78fa5494a649d56c6804a758a84 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100116 |
container_title |
Fish and Shellfish Immunology Reports |
container_volume |
5 |
container_start_page |
100116 |
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1787423144747728896 |