Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations
Freshwater content (FWC), generally characterized in the Arctic Ocean by salinities lower than 34.8 psu, has shifted in both quantity and distribution in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean. This has been largely driven by changes in the volume and salinity of freshwater sources and the direction and...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f25683464b624f4ead6cd759de00fa8a 2023-09-05T13:16:13+02:00 Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations Emma L. Hoffman Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott Sarah B. Hall 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153715 https://doaj.org/article/f25683464b624f4ead6cd759de00fa8a EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3715 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs15153715 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/f25683464b624f4ead6cd759de00fa8a Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3715, p 3715 (2023) Arctic Ocean Beaufort Gyre freshwater content sea surface salinity sea surface height ocean models Science Q article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153715 2023-08-13T00:34:32Z Freshwater content (FWC), generally characterized in the Arctic Ocean by salinities lower than 34.8 psu, has shifted in both quantity and distribution in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean. This has been largely driven by changes in the volume and salinity of freshwater sources and the direction and magnitude of major currents. In this study, we analyze the variability in FWC and other physical oceanographic variables from 1993 to 2021 in the Arctic Ocean and Beaufort Gyre (BG) using in situ and remote sensing observations and five ocean models and reanalysis products. Generally, ocean models and reanalysis products underestimate FWC in the BG when compared with observations. Modeled FWC and sea surface height (SSH) in the BG are well correlated during the time period and are similar to correlations of the observational data of these variables. ORAS5 compares best to EN4 salinity over the entire study period, although GLORYS12 agrees well pre-2007 and SODA post-2007. Outside the BG, consistency between modeled SSH, FWC, and limited observations varies between models. These comparisons help identify discrepancies in ocean model and reanalysis products while highlighting areas where future improvements are necessary to further our understanding of Arctic FWC. As observations are scarce in the Arctic, these products and their accuracy are important to studying this dynamic and vulnerable ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Remote Sensing 15 15 3715 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic Ocean Beaufort Gyre freshwater content sea surface salinity sea surface height ocean models Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Arctic Ocean Beaufort Gyre freshwater content sea surface salinity sea surface height ocean models Science Q Emma L. Hoffman Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott Sarah B. Hall Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations |
topic_facet |
Arctic Ocean Beaufort Gyre freshwater content sea surface salinity sea surface height ocean models Science Q |
description |
Freshwater content (FWC), generally characterized in the Arctic Ocean by salinities lower than 34.8 psu, has shifted in both quantity and distribution in recent decades in the Arctic Ocean. This has been largely driven by changes in the volume and salinity of freshwater sources and the direction and magnitude of major currents. In this study, we analyze the variability in FWC and other physical oceanographic variables from 1993 to 2021 in the Arctic Ocean and Beaufort Gyre (BG) using in situ and remote sensing observations and five ocean models and reanalysis products. Generally, ocean models and reanalysis products underestimate FWC in the BG when compared with observations. Modeled FWC and sea surface height (SSH) in the BG are well correlated during the time period and are similar to correlations of the observational data of these variables. ORAS5 compares best to EN4 salinity over the entire study period, although GLORYS12 agrees well pre-2007 and SODA post-2007. Outside the BG, consistency between modeled SSH, FWC, and limited observations varies between models. These comparisons help identify discrepancies in ocean model and reanalysis products while highlighting areas where future improvements are necessary to further our understanding of Arctic FWC. As observations are scarce in the Arctic, these products and their accuracy are important to studying this dynamic and vulnerable ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Emma L. Hoffman Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott Sarah B. Hall |
author_facet |
Emma L. Hoffman Bulusu Subrahmanyam Corinne B. Trott Sarah B. Hall |
author_sort |
Emma L. Hoffman |
title |
Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations |
title_short |
Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations |
title_full |
Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of Freshwater Content and Variability in the Arctic Ocean Using Observations and Model Simulations |
title_sort |
comparison of freshwater content and variability in the arctic ocean using observations and model simulations |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153715 https://doaj.org/article/f25683464b624f4ead6cd759de00fa8a |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 3715, p 3715 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/15/3715 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs15153715 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/f25683464b624f4ead6cd759de00fa8a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153715 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
15 |
container_start_page |
3715 |
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1776197891737518080 |