Snowball Vs. House-to-House Technique for Measuring Annual Incidence of Kala-azar in the Higher Endemic Blocks of Bihar, India: A Comparison.
Visceral Leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar, is widely prevalent in Bihar. The National Kala-azar Control Program has applied house-to-house survey approach several times for estimating Kala-azar incidence in the past. However, this approach includes huge logistics and operational cost, as o...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f234c6334752484ba6bde9f0abc74d83 2023-05-15T15:18:37+02:00 Snowball Vs. House-to-House Technique for Measuring Annual Incidence of Kala-azar in the Higher Endemic Blocks of Bihar, India: A Comparison. Niyamat A Siddiqui Vidya N Rabidas Sanjay K Sinha Rakesh B Verma Krishna Pandey Vijay P Singh Alok Ranjan Roshan K Topno Chandra S Lal Vijay Kumar Ganesh C Sahoo Srikantaih Sridhar Arvind Pandey Pradeep Das 2016-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004970 https://doaj.org/article/f234c6334752484ba6bde9f0abc74d83 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5040448?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004970 https://doaj.org/article/f234c6334752484ba6bde9f0abc74d83 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 9, p e0004970 (2016) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004970 2022-12-30T20:54:59Z Visceral Leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar, is widely prevalent in Bihar. The National Kala-azar Control Program has applied house-to-house survey approach several times for estimating Kala-azar incidence in the past. However, this approach includes huge logistics and operational cost, as occurrence of kala-azar is clustered in nature. The present study aims to compare efficiency, cost and feasibility of snowball sampling approach to house-to-house survey approach in capturing kala-azar cases in two endemic districts of Bihar, India.A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in two highly endemic Primary Health Centre (PHC) areas, each from two endemic districts of Bihar, India. Snowball technique (used to locate potential subjects with help of key informants where subjects are hard to locate) and house-to-house survey technique were applied to detect all the new cases of Kala-azar during a defined reference period of one year i.e. June, 2010 to May, 2011. The study covered a total of 105,035 households with 537,153 populations. Out of total 561 cases and 17 deaths probably due to kala-azar, identified by the study, snowball sampling approach captured only 221 cases and 13 deaths, whereas 489 cases and 17 deaths were detected by house-to-house survey approach. Higher value of McNemar's χ² statistics (64; p<0.0001) for house-to-house survey approach than snowball sampling and relative difference (>1) indicates that most of the kala-azar cases missed by snowball sampling were captured by house-to-house approach with 13% of omission.Snowball sampling was not found sensitive enough as it captured only about 50% of VL cases. However, it captured about 77% of the deaths probably due to kala-azar and was found more cost-effective than house-to-house approach. Standardization of snowball approach with improved procedure, training and logistics may enhance the sensitivity of snowball sampling and its application in national Kala-azar elimination programme as cost-effective approach for ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Azar ENVELOPE(-63.733,-63.733,-64.983,-64.983) PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10 9 e0004970 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Niyamat A Siddiqui Vidya N Rabidas Sanjay K Sinha Rakesh B Verma Krishna Pandey Vijay P Singh Alok Ranjan Roshan K Topno Chandra S Lal Vijay Kumar Ganesh C Sahoo Srikantaih Sridhar Arvind Pandey Pradeep Das Snowball Vs. House-to-House Technique for Measuring Annual Incidence of Kala-azar in the Higher Endemic Blocks of Bihar, India: A Comparison. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Visceral Leishmaniasis, commonly known as kala-azar, is widely prevalent in Bihar. The National Kala-azar Control Program has applied house-to-house survey approach several times for estimating Kala-azar incidence in the past. However, this approach includes huge logistics and operational cost, as occurrence of kala-azar is clustered in nature. The present study aims to compare efficiency, cost and feasibility of snowball sampling approach to house-to-house survey approach in capturing kala-azar cases in two endemic districts of Bihar, India.A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in two highly endemic Primary Health Centre (PHC) areas, each from two endemic districts of Bihar, India. Snowball technique (used to locate potential subjects with help of key informants where subjects are hard to locate) and house-to-house survey technique were applied to detect all the new cases of Kala-azar during a defined reference period of one year i.e. June, 2010 to May, 2011. The study covered a total of 105,035 households with 537,153 populations. Out of total 561 cases and 17 deaths probably due to kala-azar, identified by the study, snowball sampling approach captured only 221 cases and 13 deaths, whereas 489 cases and 17 deaths were detected by house-to-house survey approach. Higher value of McNemar's χ² statistics (64; p<0.0001) for house-to-house survey approach than snowball sampling and relative difference (>1) indicates that most of the kala-azar cases missed by snowball sampling were captured by house-to-house approach with 13% of omission.Snowball sampling was not found sensitive enough as it captured only about 50% of VL cases. However, it captured about 77% of the deaths probably due to kala-azar and was found more cost-effective than house-to-house approach. Standardization of snowball approach with improved procedure, training and logistics may enhance the sensitivity of snowball sampling and its application in national Kala-azar elimination programme as cost-effective approach for ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Niyamat A Siddiqui Vidya N Rabidas Sanjay K Sinha Rakesh B Verma Krishna Pandey Vijay P Singh Alok Ranjan Roshan K Topno Chandra S Lal Vijay Kumar Ganesh C Sahoo Srikantaih Sridhar Arvind Pandey Pradeep Das |
author_facet |
Niyamat A Siddiqui Vidya N Rabidas Sanjay K Sinha Rakesh B Verma Krishna Pandey Vijay P Singh Alok Ranjan Roshan K Topno Chandra S Lal Vijay Kumar Ganesh C Sahoo Srikantaih Sridhar Arvind Pandey Pradeep Das |
author_sort |
Niyamat A Siddiqui |
title |
Snowball Vs. House-to-House Technique for Measuring Annual Incidence of Kala-azar in the Higher Endemic Blocks of Bihar, India: A Comparison. |
title_short |
Snowball Vs. House-to-House Technique for Measuring Annual Incidence of Kala-azar in the Higher Endemic Blocks of Bihar, India: A Comparison. |
title_full |
Snowball Vs. House-to-House Technique for Measuring Annual Incidence of Kala-azar in the Higher Endemic Blocks of Bihar, India: A Comparison. |
title_fullStr |
Snowball Vs. House-to-House Technique for Measuring Annual Incidence of Kala-azar in the Higher Endemic Blocks of Bihar, India: A Comparison. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Snowball Vs. House-to-House Technique for Measuring Annual Incidence of Kala-azar in the Higher Endemic Blocks of Bihar, India: A Comparison. |
title_sort |
snowball vs. house-to-house technique for measuring annual incidence of kala-azar in the higher endemic blocks of bihar, india: a comparison. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004970 https://doaj.org/article/f234c6334752484ba6bde9f0abc74d83 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-63.733,-63.733,-64.983,-64.983) |
geographic |
Arctic Azar |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Azar |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 9, p e0004970 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5040448?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004970 https://doaj.org/article/f234c6334752484ba6bde9f0abc74d83 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004970 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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e0004970 |
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