Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections
Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) are potentially lethal paralytic toxins that have been identified in European shellfish over recent years. Risk assessment has suggested comparatively low levels (44 µg TTX-equivalent/kg) but stresses the lack of data on occurrence. Both bacteria and dinoflagellates were suggest...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f1af15ff279a46c6badadbff5e8dd778 2023-05-15T15:58:46+02:00 Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections Damien Réveillon Véronique Savar Estelle Schaefer Julien Chevé Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille Dominique Hervio-Heath Marie-Agnès Travers Eric Abadie Jean-Luc Rolland Philipp Hess 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110740 https://doaj.org/article/f1af15ff279a46c6badadbff5e8dd778 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/11/740 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins13110740 2072-6651 https://doaj.org/article/f1af15ff279a46c6badadbff5e8dd778 Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 740, p 740 (2021) emerging toxins TTXs REPHY REMI coastal and seafood contamination Medicine R article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110740 2022-12-30T20:45:57Z Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) are potentially lethal paralytic toxins that have been identified in European shellfish over recent years. Risk assessment has suggested comparatively low levels (44 µg TTX-equivalent/kg) but stresses the lack of data on occurrence. Both bacteria and dinoflagellates were suggested as possible biogenic sources, either from an endogenous or exogenous origin. We thus investigated TTXs in (i) 98 shellfish samples and (ii) 122 bacterial strains, isolated from French environments. We optimized a method based on mass spectrometry, using a single extraction step followed by ultrafiltration without Solid Phase Extraction and matrix-matched calibration for both shellfish and bacterial matrix. Limits of detection and quantification were 6.3 and 12.5 µg/kg for shellfish and 5.0 and 10 µg/kg for bacterial matrix, respectively. Even though bacterial matrix resulted in signal enhancement, no TTX analog was detected in any strain. Bivalves (either Crassostrea gigas or Ruditapes philippinarum ) were surveyed in six French production areas over 2.5–3 month periods (2018–2019). Concentrations of TTX ranged from ‘not detected’ to a maximum of 32 µg/kg (Bay of Brest, 17 June 2019), with events lasting 2 weeks at maximum. While these results are in line with previous studies, they provide new data of TTX occurrence and confirm that the link between bacteria, bivalves and TTX is complex. Article in Journal/Newspaper Crassostrea gigas Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Toxins 13 11 740 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
emerging toxins TTXs REPHY REMI coastal and seafood contamination Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
emerging toxins TTXs REPHY REMI coastal and seafood contamination Medicine R Damien Réveillon Véronique Savar Estelle Schaefer Julien Chevé Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille Dominique Hervio-Heath Marie-Agnès Travers Eric Abadie Jean-Luc Rolland Philipp Hess Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections |
topic_facet |
emerging toxins TTXs REPHY REMI coastal and seafood contamination Medicine R |
description |
Tetrodotoxins (TTXs) are potentially lethal paralytic toxins that have been identified in European shellfish over recent years. Risk assessment has suggested comparatively low levels (44 µg TTX-equivalent/kg) but stresses the lack of data on occurrence. Both bacteria and dinoflagellates were suggested as possible biogenic sources, either from an endogenous or exogenous origin. We thus investigated TTXs in (i) 98 shellfish samples and (ii) 122 bacterial strains, isolated from French environments. We optimized a method based on mass spectrometry, using a single extraction step followed by ultrafiltration without Solid Phase Extraction and matrix-matched calibration for both shellfish and bacterial matrix. Limits of detection and quantification were 6.3 and 12.5 µg/kg for shellfish and 5.0 and 10 µg/kg for bacterial matrix, respectively. Even though bacterial matrix resulted in signal enhancement, no TTX analog was detected in any strain. Bivalves (either Crassostrea gigas or Ruditapes philippinarum ) were surveyed in six French production areas over 2.5–3 month periods (2018–2019). Concentrations of TTX ranged from ‘not detected’ to a maximum of 32 µg/kg (Bay of Brest, 17 June 2019), with events lasting 2 weeks at maximum. While these results are in line with previous studies, they provide new data of TTX occurrence and confirm that the link between bacteria, bivalves and TTX is complex. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Damien Réveillon Véronique Savar Estelle Schaefer Julien Chevé Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille Dominique Hervio-Heath Marie-Agnès Travers Eric Abadie Jean-Luc Rolland Philipp Hess |
author_facet |
Damien Réveillon Véronique Savar Estelle Schaefer Julien Chevé Marie-Pierre Halm-Lemeille Dominique Hervio-Heath Marie-Agnès Travers Eric Abadie Jean-Luc Rolland Philipp Hess |
author_sort |
Damien Réveillon |
title |
Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections |
title_short |
Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections |
title_full |
Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections |
title_fullStr |
Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tetrodotoxins in French Bivalve Mollusks—Analytical Methodology, Environmental Dynamics and Screening of Bacterial Strain Collections |
title_sort |
tetrodotoxins in french bivalve mollusks—analytical methodology, environmental dynamics and screening of bacterial strain collections |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110740 https://doaj.org/article/f1af15ff279a46c6badadbff5e8dd778 |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_source |
Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 740, p 740 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/11/740 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651 doi:10.3390/toxins13110740 2072-6651 https://doaj.org/article/f1af15ff279a46c6badadbff5e8dd778 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110740 |
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Toxins |
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13 |
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11 |
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740 |
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