No apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area.
BACKGROUND:Schistosomiasis is a debilitating neglected tropical disease that infects over 200 million people worldwide. To combat this disease, in 2012, the World Health Organization announced a goal of reducing and eliminating transmission of schistosomes. Current control focuses primarily on mass...
Published in: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f0b4351a0a4c425ea1c919e15c4fa4db 2023-05-15T15:16:18+02:00 No apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area. Agola E Lelo David N Mburu Gabriel N Magoma Ben N Mungai Jimmy H Kihara Ibrahim N Mwangi Geoffrey M Maina Joseph M Kinuthia Martin W Mutuku Eric S Loker Gerald M Mkoji Michelle L Steinauer 2014-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003221 https://doaj.org/article/f0b4351a0a4c425ea1c919e15c4fa4db EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4191953?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003221 https://doaj.org/article/f0b4351a0a4c425ea1c919e15c4fa4db PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 10, p e3221 (2014) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003221 2022-12-31T12:34:20Z BACKGROUND:Schistosomiasis is a debilitating neglected tropical disease that infects over 200 million people worldwide. To combat this disease, in 2012, the World Health Organization announced a goal of reducing and eliminating transmission of schistosomes. Current control focuses primarily on mass drug administration (MDA). Therefore, we monitored transmission of Schistosoma mansoni via fecal egg counts and genetic markers in a typical school based MDA setting to ascertain the actual impacts of MDA on the targeted schistosome population. METHODS:For 4 years, we followed 67 children enrolled in a MDA program in Kenya. Infection status and egg counts were measured each year prior to treatment. For 15 of these children, for which there was no evidence of acquired resistance, meaning they became re-infected following each treatment, we collected microsatellite genotype data from schistosomes passed in fecal samples as a representation of the force of transmission between drug treatments. We genotyped a total of 4938 parasites from these children, with an average of 329.2 parasites per child for the entire study, and an average of 82.3 parasites per child per annual examination. We compared prevalence, egg counts, and genetic measures including allelic richness, gene diversity (expected heterozygosity), adult worm burdens and effective number of breeders among time points to search for evidence for a change in transmission or schistosome populations during the MDA program. FINDINGS:We found no evidence of reduced transmission or schistosome population decline over the course of the program. Although prevalence declined in the 67 children as it did in the overall program, reinfection rates were high, and for the 15 children studied in detail, schistosome egg counts and estimated adult worm burdens did not decline between years 1 and 4, and genetic diversity increased over the course of drug treatment. INTERPRETATION:School based control programs undoubtedly improve the health of individuals; however, our data show ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 8 10 e3221 |
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Open Polar |
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op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Agola E Lelo David N Mburu Gabriel N Magoma Ben N Mungai Jimmy H Kihara Ibrahim N Mwangi Geoffrey M Maina Joseph M Kinuthia Martin W Mutuku Eric S Loker Gerald M Mkoji Michelle L Steinauer No apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Schistosomiasis is a debilitating neglected tropical disease that infects over 200 million people worldwide. To combat this disease, in 2012, the World Health Organization announced a goal of reducing and eliminating transmission of schistosomes. Current control focuses primarily on mass drug administration (MDA). Therefore, we monitored transmission of Schistosoma mansoni via fecal egg counts and genetic markers in a typical school based MDA setting to ascertain the actual impacts of MDA on the targeted schistosome population. METHODS:For 4 years, we followed 67 children enrolled in a MDA program in Kenya. Infection status and egg counts were measured each year prior to treatment. For 15 of these children, for which there was no evidence of acquired resistance, meaning they became re-infected following each treatment, we collected microsatellite genotype data from schistosomes passed in fecal samples as a representation of the force of transmission between drug treatments. We genotyped a total of 4938 parasites from these children, with an average of 329.2 parasites per child for the entire study, and an average of 82.3 parasites per child per annual examination. We compared prevalence, egg counts, and genetic measures including allelic richness, gene diversity (expected heterozygosity), adult worm burdens and effective number of breeders among time points to search for evidence for a change in transmission or schistosome populations during the MDA program. FINDINGS:We found no evidence of reduced transmission or schistosome population decline over the course of the program. Although prevalence declined in the 67 children as it did in the overall program, reinfection rates were high, and for the 15 children studied in detail, schistosome egg counts and estimated adult worm burdens did not decline between years 1 and 4, and genetic diversity increased over the course of drug treatment. INTERPRETATION:School based control programs undoubtedly improve the health of individuals; however, our data show ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Agola E Lelo David N Mburu Gabriel N Magoma Ben N Mungai Jimmy H Kihara Ibrahim N Mwangi Geoffrey M Maina Joseph M Kinuthia Martin W Mutuku Eric S Loker Gerald M Mkoji Michelle L Steinauer |
author_facet |
Agola E Lelo David N Mburu Gabriel N Magoma Ben N Mungai Jimmy H Kihara Ibrahim N Mwangi Geoffrey M Maina Joseph M Kinuthia Martin W Mutuku Eric S Loker Gerald M Mkoji Michelle L Steinauer |
author_sort |
Agola E Lelo |
title |
No apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area. |
title_short |
No apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area. |
title_full |
No apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area. |
title_fullStr |
No apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area. |
title_full_unstemmed |
No apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area. |
title_sort |
no apparent reduction in schistosome burden or genetic diversity following four years of school-based mass drug administration in mwea, central kenya, a heavy transmission area. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003221 https://doaj.org/article/f0b4351a0a4c425ea1c919e15c4fa4db |
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Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 8, Iss 10, p e3221 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4191953?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003221 https://doaj.org/article/f0b4351a0a4c425ea1c919e15c4fa4db |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003221 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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10 |
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e3221 |
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