A novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
Epitheliocystis, a disease characterised by cytoplasmic bacterial inclusions (cysts) in the gill and less commonly skin epithelial cells, has been reported in many marine and freshwater fish species and may be associated with mortality. Previously, molecular and ultrastructural analyses have exclusi...
Published in: | PLoS ONE |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032696 https://doaj.org/article/f05b4d46fb014517b7554d3e410263fe |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f05b4d46fb014517b7554d3e410263fe |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f05b4d46fb014517b7554d3e410263fe 2023-05-15T15:30:51+02:00 A novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Elena R Toenshoff Agnar Kvellestad Susan O Mitchell Terje Steinum Knut Falk Duncan J Colquhoun Matthias Horn 2012-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032696 https://doaj.org/article/f05b4d46fb014517b7554d3e410263fe EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3299688?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032696 https://doaj.org/article/f05b4d46fb014517b7554d3e410263fe PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e32696 (2012) Medicine R Science Q article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032696 2022-12-31T00:04:13Z Epitheliocystis, a disease characterised by cytoplasmic bacterial inclusions (cysts) in the gill and less commonly skin epithelial cells, has been reported in many marine and freshwater fish species and may be associated with mortality. Previously, molecular and ultrastructural analyses have exclusively associated members of the Chlamydiae with such inclusions. Here we investigated a population of farmed Atlantic salmon from the west coast of Norway displaying gill epitheliocystis. Although 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis', previously reported to be present in such cysts, was detected by PCR in most of the gill samples analysed, this bacterium was found to be a rare member of the gill microbiota, and not associated with the observed cysts as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization assays. The application of a broad range 16 S rRNA targeted PCR assay instead identified a novel betaproteobacterium as an abundant member of the gill microbiota. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that this bacterium, tentatively classified as 'Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola', was the cyst-forming agent in these samples. While histology and ultrastructure of 'Ca. B. cysticola' cysts revealed forms similar to the reticulate and intermediate bodies described in earlier reports from salmon in seawater, no elementary bodies typical of the chlamydial developmental cycle were observed. In conclusion, this study identified a novel agent of epitheliocystis in sea-farmed Atlantic salmon and demonstrated that these cysts can be caused by bacteria phylogenetically distinct from the Chlamydiae. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Norway PLoS ONE 7 3 e32696 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Medicine R Science Q Elena R Toenshoff Agnar Kvellestad Susan O Mitchell Terje Steinum Knut Falk Duncan J Colquhoun Matthias Horn A novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
Epitheliocystis, a disease characterised by cytoplasmic bacterial inclusions (cysts) in the gill and less commonly skin epithelial cells, has been reported in many marine and freshwater fish species and may be associated with mortality. Previously, molecular and ultrastructural analyses have exclusively associated members of the Chlamydiae with such inclusions. Here we investigated a population of farmed Atlantic salmon from the west coast of Norway displaying gill epitheliocystis. Although 'Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis', previously reported to be present in such cysts, was detected by PCR in most of the gill samples analysed, this bacterium was found to be a rare member of the gill microbiota, and not associated with the observed cysts as demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization assays. The application of a broad range 16 S rRNA targeted PCR assay instead identified a novel betaproteobacterium as an abundant member of the gill microbiota. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that this bacterium, tentatively classified as 'Candidatus Branchiomonas cysticola', was the cyst-forming agent in these samples. While histology and ultrastructure of 'Ca. B. cysticola' cysts revealed forms similar to the reticulate and intermediate bodies described in earlier reports from salmon in seawater, no elementary bodies typical of the chlamydial developmental cycle were observed. In conclusion, this study identified a novel agent of epitheliocystis in sea-farmed Atlantic salmon and demonstrated that these cysts can be caused by bacteria phylogenetically distinct from the Chlamydiae. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elena R Toenshoff Agnar Kvellestad Susan O Mitchell Terje Steinum Knut Falk Duncan J Colquhoun Matthias Horn |
author_facet |
Elena R Toenshoff Agnar Kvellestad Susan O Mitchell Terje Steinum Knut Falk Duncan J Colquhoun Matthias Horn |
author_sort |
Elena R Toenshoff |
title |
A novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_short |
A novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_full |
A novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_fullStr |
A novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_full_unstemmed |
A novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). |
title_sort |
novel betaproteobacterial agent of gill epitheliocystis in seawater farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar). |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032696 https://doaj.org/article/f05b4d46fb014517b7554d3e410263fe |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 3, p e32696 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3299688?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032696 https://doaj.org/article/f05b4d46fb014517b7554d3e410263fe |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0032696 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
e32696 |
_version_ |
1766361316083105792 |