Extratropical Climate Change During Periods Before and After an Arctic Ice‐Free Summer
Abstract The temperature of a well‐mixed ice‐water mixture stays constant until the ice melts due to external heat. Whether the temperature over the Arctic Ocean exhibits an analogous stagewise evolution to reach an ice‐free point remains unclear. Therefore, this study explored the characteristics o...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:f03df9c2471e4b4eabecae09e43d52fd 2023-05-15T14:34:19+02:00 Extratropical Climate Change During Periods Before and After an Arctic Ice‐Free Summer Yongkun Xie Hanbin Nie Yongli He 2022-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002881 https://doaj.org/article/f03df9c2471e4b4eabecae09e43d52fd EN eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002881 https://doaj.org/toc/2328-4277 2328-4277 doi:10.1029/2022EF002881 https://doaj.org/article/f03df9c2471e4b4eabecae09e43d52fd Earth's Future, Vol 10, Iss 8, Pp n/a-n/a (2022) Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002881 2022-12-30T19:50:48Z Abstract The temperature of a well‐mixed ice‐water mixture stays constant until the ice melts due to external heat. Whether the temperature over the Arctic Ocean exhibits an analogous stagewise evolution to reach an ice‐free point remains unclear. Therefore, this study explored the characteristics of extratropical climate change before and after a period during which the Arctic Ocean was ice‐free in summer using multimodel simulations. Here, we show that the seasonality of Arctic warming varies between the two periods separated by an ice‐free summer. The warming maximum in the cold season delayed for a month after becoming ice‐free than before. In addition, the warming maximum lagged behind the sea‐ice decline maximum before becoming ice‐free, whereas the maximums of the two became coordinated after becoming ice‐free. The closed cross‐season energy cycle demonstrated that the capacitor effect of the Arctic Ocean with delayed release of the energy taken up in spring and summer due to sea‐ice decline and seawater absorption is crucial for the seasonality observed in Arctic climate change. Moreover, we found that although Arctic amplification induced general weakening in high‐frequency weather variability in the mid‐high latitudes via decreased meridional temperature gradients, significant weakening was induced only after becoming ice‐free under high emission. Our findings suggest that the two stages of Arctic sea‐ice decline should be taken into consideration when dealing with global warming. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Global warming Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Earth's Future 10 8 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ecology QH540-549.5 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ecology QH540-549.5 Yongkun Xie Hanbin Nie Yongli He Extratropical Climate Change During Periods Before and After an Arctic Ice‐Free Summer |
topic_facet |
Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Abstract The temperature of a well‐mixed ice‐water mixture stays constant until the ice melts due to external heat. Whether the temperature over the Arctic Ocean exhibits an analogous stagewise evolution to reach an ice‐free point remains unclear. Therefore, this study explored the characteristics of extratropical climate change before and after a period during which the Arctic Ocean was ice‐free in summer using multimodel simulations. Here, we show that the seasonality of Arctic warming varies between the two periods separated by an ice‐free summer. The warming maximum in the cold season delayed for a month after becoming ice‐free than before. In addition, the warming maximum lagged behind the sea‐ice decline maximum before becoming ice‐free, whereas the maximums of the two became coordinated after becoming ice‐free. The closed cross‐season energy cycle demonstrated that the capacitor effect of the Arctic Ocean with delayed release of the energy taken up in spring and summer due to sea‐ice decline and seawater absorption is crucial for the seasonality observed in Arctic climate change. Moreover, we found that although Arctic amplification induced general weakening in high‐frequency weather variability in the mid‐high latitudes via decreased meridional temperature gradients, significant weakening was induced only after becoming ice‐free under high emission. Our findings suggest that the two stages of Arctic sea‐ice decline should be taken into consideration when dealing with global warming. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Yongkun Xie Hanbin Nie Yongli He |
author_facet |
Yongkun Xie Hanbin Nie Yongli He |
author_sort |
Yongkun Xie |
title |
Extratropical Climate Change During Periods Before and After an Arctic Ice‐Free Summer |
title_short |
Extratropical Climate Change During Periods Before and After an Arctic Ice‐Free Summer |
title_full |
Extratropical Climate Change During Periods Before and After an Arctic Ice‐Free Summer |
title_fullStr |
Extratropical Climate Change During Periods Before and After an Arctic Ice‐Free Summer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extratropical Climate Change During Periods Before and After an Arctic Ice‐Free Summer |
title_sort |
extratropical climate change during periods before and after an arctic ice‐free summer |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002881 https://doaj.org/article/f03df9c2471e4b4eabecae09e43d52fd |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Global warming Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Climate change Global warming Sea ice |
op_source |
Earth's Future, Vol 10, Iss 8, Pp n/a-n/a (2022) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002881 https://doaj.org/toc/2328-4277 2328-4277 doi:10.1029/2022EF002881 https://doaj.org/article/f03df9c2471e4b4eabecae09e43d52fd |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002881 |
container_title |
Earth's Future |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
8 |
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1766307381375926272 |