A tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Abstract Background As the population of Africa rapidly urbanizes, large populations could be protected from malaria by controlling aquatic stages of mosquitoes if cost-effective and scalable implementation systems can be designed. Methods A recently initiated Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:efc88e6b6c084c808aa47caf8333ebbc 2023-05-15T15:16:52+02:00 A tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Govella Nico J Chaki Prosper P Geissbühler Yvonne Nyika Dickson Dongus Stefan Vanek Michael J William George Kannady Khadija Fillinger Ulrike Mathenge Evan M Singer Burton H Mshinda Hassan Lindsay Steven W Tanner Marcel Mtasiwa Deo de Castro Marcia C Killeen Gerry F 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-7-20 https://doaj.org/article/efc88e6b6c084c808aa47caf8333ebbc EN eng BMC http://www.malariajournal.com/content/7/1/20 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-20 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/efc88e6b6c084c808aa47caf8333ebbc Malaria Journal, Vol 7, Iss 1, p 20 (2008) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2008 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-7-20 2022-12-31T08:04:30Z Abstract Background As the population of Africa rapidly urbanizes, large populations could be protected from malaria by controlling aquatic stages of mosquitoes if cost-effective and scalable implementation systems can be designed. Methods A recently initiated Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam delegates responsibility for routine mosquito control and surveillance to modestly-paid community members, known as Community-Owned Resource Persons (CORPs). New vector surveillance, larviciding and management systems were designed and evaluated in 15 city wards to allow timely collection, interpretation and reaction to entomologic monitoring data using practical procedures that rely on minimal technology. After one year of baseline data collection, operational larviciding with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis commenced in March 2006 in three selected wards. Results The procedures and staff management systems described greatly improved standards of larval surveillance relative to that reported at the outset of this programme. In the first year of the programme, over 65,000 potential Anopheles habitats were surveyed by 90 CORPs on a weekly basis. Reaction times to vector surveillance at observations were one day, week and month at ward, municipal and city levels, respectively. One year of community-based larviciding reduced transmission by the primary malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l ., by 31% (95% C.I. = 21.6–37.6%; p = 0.04). Conclusion This novel management, monitoring and evaluation system for implementing routine larviciding of malaria vectors in African cities has shown considerable potential for sustained, rapidly responsive, data-driven and affordable application. Nevertheless, the true programmatic value of larviciding in urban Africa can only be established through longer-term programmes which are stably financed and allow the operational teams and management infrastructures to mature by learning from experience. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 7 1 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Govella Nico J Chaki Prosper P Geissbühler Yvonne Nyika Dickson Dongus Stefan Vanek Michael J William George Kannady Khadija Fillinger Ulrike Mathenge Evan M Singer Burton H Mshinda Hassan Lindsay Steven W Tanner Marcel Mtasiwa Deo de Castro Marcia C Killeen Gerry F A tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background As the population of Africa rapidly urbanizes, large populations could be protected from malaria by controlling aquatic stages of mosquitoes if cost-effective and scalable implementation systems can be designed. Methods A recently initiated Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam delegates responsibility for routine mosquito control and surveillance to modestly-paid community members, known as Community-Owned Resource Persons (CORPs). New vector surveillance, larviciding and management systems were designed and evaluated in 15 city wards to allow timely collection, interpretation and reaction to entomologic monitoring data using practical procedures that rely on minimal technology. After one year of baseline data collection, operational larviciding with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis commenced in March 2006 in three selected wards. Results The procedures and staff management systems described greatly improved standards of larval surveillance relative to that reported at the outset of this programme. In the first year of the programme, over 65,000 potential Anopheles habitats were surveyed by 90 CORPs on a weekly basis. Reaction times to vector surveillance at observations were one day, week and month at ward, municipal and city levels, respectively. One year of community-based larviciding reduced transmission by the primary malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae s.l ., by 31% (95% C.I. = 21.6–37.6%; p = 0.04). Conclusion This novel management, monitoring and evaluation system for implementing routine larviciding of malaria vectors in African cities has shown considerable potential for sustained, rapidly responsive, data-driven and affordable application. Nevertheless, the true programmatic value of larviciding in urban Africa can only be established through longer-term programmes which are stably financed and allow the operational teams and management infrastructures to mature by learning from experience. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Govella Nico J Chaki Prosper P Geissbühler Yvonne Nyika Dickson Dongus Stefan Vanek Michael J William George Kannady Khadija Fillinger Ulrike Mathenge Evan M Singer Burton H Mshinda Hassan Lindsay Steven W Tanner Marcel Mtasiwa Deo de Castro Marcia C Killeen Gerry F |
author_facet |
Govella Nico J Chaki Prosper P Geissbühler Yvonne Nyika Dickson Dongus Stefan Vanek Michael J William George Kannady Khadija Fillinger Ulrike Mathenge Evan M Singer Burton H Mshinda Hassan Lindsay Steven W Tanner Marcel Mtasiwa Deo de Castro Marcia C Killeen Gerry F |
author_sort |
Govella Nico J |
title |
A tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_short |
A tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_full |
A tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_fullStr |
A tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_full_unstemmed |
A tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the Urban Malaria Control Programme in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
title_sort |
tool box for operational mosquito larval control: preliminary results and early lessons from the urban malaria control programme in dar es salaam, tanzania |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-7-20 https://doaj.org/article/efc88e6b6c084c808aa47caf8333ebbc |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 7, Iss 1, p 20 (2008) |
op_relation |
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/7/1/20 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/1475-2875-7-20 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/efc88e6b6c084c808aa47caf8333ebbc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-7-20 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766347162256408576 |