Analytical Computation of the Spatial Resolution in GNSS-R and Experimental Validation at L1 and L5
Global navigation satellite systems reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a relatively novel remote sensing technique, but it can be understood as a multi-static radar using satellite navigation signals as signals of opportunity. The scattered signals over sea ice, flooded areas, and even under dense vegetation...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ef820edb311841559acd3fd1df968322 2023-05-15T18:18:34+02:00 Analytical Computation of the Spatial Resolution in GNSS-R and Experimental Validation at L1 and L5 Adriano Camps Joan Francesc Munoz-Martin 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233910 https://doaj.org/article/ef820edb311841559acd3fd1df968322 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/23/3910 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs12233910 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/ef820edb311841559acd3fd1df968322 Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 3910, p 3910 (2020) GNSS-R spatial resolution diffraction experiment airborne L1 Science Q article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233910 2022-12-31T11:25:30Z Global navigation satellite systems reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a relatively novel remote sensing technique, but it can be understood as a multi-static radar using satellite navigation signals as signals of opportunity. The scattered signals over sea ice, flooded areas, and even under dense vegetation show a detectable coherent component that can be separated from the incoherent component and processed accordingly. This work derives an analytical formulation of the response of a GNSS-R instrument to a step function in the reflectivity using well-known principles of electromagnetic theory. The evaluation of the spatial resolution then requires a numerical evaluation of the proposed equations, as the width of the transition depends on the reflectivity values of two regions. However, it is found that results are fairly constant over a wide range of reflectivities, and they only vary faster for very high or very low reflectivity gradients. The predicted step response is then satisfactorily compared to airborne experimental results at L1 (1575.42 MHz) and L5 (1176.45 MHz) bands, acquired over a water reservoir south of Melbourne, in terms of width and ringing, and several examples are provided when the transition occurs from land to a rough ocean surface, where the coherent scattering component is no longer dominant. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Remote Sensing 12 23 3910 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
GNSS-R spatial resolution diffraction experiment airborne L1 Science Q |
spellingShingle |
GNSS-R spatial resolution diffraction experiment airborne L1 Science Q Adriano Camps Joan Francesc Munoz-Martin Analytical Computation of the Spatial Resolution in GNSS-R and Experimental Validation at L1 and L5 |
topic_facet |
GNSS-R spatial resolution diffraction experiment airborne L1 Science Q |
description |
Global navigation satellite systems reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a relatively novel remote sensing technique, but it can be understood as a multi-static radar using satellite navigation signals as signals of opportunity. The scattered signals over sea ice, flooded areas, and even under dense vegetation show a detectable coherent component that can be separated from the incoherent component and processed accordingly. This work derives an analytical formulation of the response of a GNSS-R instrument to a step function in the reflectivity using well-known principles of electromagnetic theory. The evaluation of the spatial resolution then requires a numerical evaluation of the proposed equations, as the width of the transition depends on the reflectivity values of two regions. However, it is found that results are fairly constant over a wide range of reflectivities, and they only vary faster for very high or very low reflectivity gradients. The predicted step response is then satisfactorily compared to airborne experimental results at L1 (1575.42 MHz) and L5 (1176.45 MHz) bands, acquired over a water reservoir south of Melbourne, in terms of width and ringing, and several examples are provided when the transition occurs from land to a rough ocean surface, where the coherent scattering component is no longer dominant. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Adriano Camps Joan Francesc Munoz-Martin |
author_facet |
Adriano Camps Joan Francesc Munoz-Martin |
author_sort |
Adriano Camps |
title |
Analytical Computation of the Spatial Resolution in GNSS-R and Experimental Validation at L1 and L5 |
title_short |
Analytical Computation of the Spatial Resolution in GNSS-R and Experimental Validation at L1 and L5 |
title_full |
Analytical Computation of the Spatial Resolution in GNSS-R and Experimental Validation at L1 and L5 |
title_fullStr |
Analytical Computation of the Spatial Resolution in GNSS-R and Experimental Validation at L1 and L5 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analytical Computation of the Spatial Resolution in GNSS-R and Experimental Validation at L1 and L5 |
title_sort |
analytical computation of the spatial resolution in gnss-r and experimental validation at l1 and l5 |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233910 https://doaj.org/article/ef820edb311841559acd3fd1df968322 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 3910, p 3910 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/12/23/3910 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs12233910 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/ef820edb311841559acd3fd1df968322 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12233910 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
23 |
container_start_page |
3910 |
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1766195175227392000 |