Noninteger Dimension of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature (LST)
During the few last years, climate change, including global warming, which is attributed to human activities, and its long-term adverse effects on the planet’s functions have been identified as the most challenging discussion topics and have provoked significant concern and effort to find possible s...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ee7c249ff47f4cf48a27f5d2256f130d 2023-07-23T04:14:08+02:00 Noninteger Dimension of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature (LST) Sepideh Azizi Tahmineh Azizi 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060607 https://doaj.org/article/ee7c249ff47f4cf48a27f5d2256f130d EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/6/607 https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1680 doi:10.3390/axioms12060607 2075-1680 https://doaj.org/article/ee7c249ff47f4cf48a27f5d2256f130d Axioms, Vol 12, Iss 607, p 607 (2023) Land Surface Temperature (LST) Earth’s surface temperature climate changes Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NASA’s Terra satellite fractal geometry Mathematics QA1-939 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060607 2023-07-02T00:38:59Z During the few last years, climate change, including global warming, which is attributed to human activities, and its long-term adverse effects on the planet’s functions have been identified as the most challenging discussion topics and have provoked significant concern and effort to find possible solutions. Since the warmth arising from the Earth’s landscapes affects the world’s weather and climate patterns, we decided to study the changes in Land Surface Temperature (LST) patterns in different seasons through nonlinear methods. Here, we particularly wanted to estimate the noninteger dimension and fractal structure of the Land Surface Temperature. For this study, the LST data were obtained during the daytime by a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite. Depending on the time of the year data were collected, temperatures changed in different ranges. Since equatorial regions remain warm, and Antarctica and Greenland remain cold, and also because altitude affects temperature, we selected Riley County in the US state of Kansas, which does not belong to any of these location types, and we observed the seasonal changes in temperature in this county. According to our fractal analysis, the fractal dimension may provide a complexity index to characterize different LST datasets. The multifractal analysis confirmed that the LST data may define a self-organizing system that produces fractal patterns in the structure of data. Thus, the LST data may not only have a wide range of fractal dimensions, but also they are fractal. The results of the present study show that the Land Surface Temperature (LST) belongs to the class of fractal processes with a noninteger dimension. Moreover, self-organized behavior governing the structure of LST data may provide an underlying principle that might be a general outcome of human activities and may shape the Earth’s surface temperature. We explicitly acknowledge the important role of fractal geometry when analyzing and tracing settlement patterns and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Greenland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Greenland Riley ENVELOPE(-147.617,-147.617,-86.183,-86.183) Axioms 12 6 607 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Land Surface Temperature (LST) Earth’s surface temperature climate changes Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NASA’s Terra satellite fractal geometry Mathematics QA1-939 |
spellingShingle |
Land Surface Temperature (LST) Earth’s surface temperature climate changes Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NASA’s Terra satellite fractal geometry Mathematics QA1-939 Sepideh Azizi Tahmineh Azizi Noninteger Dimension of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature (LST) |
topic_facet |
Land Surface Temperature (LST) Earth’s surface temperature climate changes Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NASA’s Terra satellite fractal geometry Mathematics QA1-939 |
description |
During the few last years, climate change, including global warming, which is attributed to human activities, and its long-term adverse effects on the planet’s functions have been identified as the most challenging discussion topics and have provoked significant concern and effort to find possible solutions. Since the warmth arising from the Earth’s landscapes affects the world’s weather and climate patterns, we decided to study the changes in Land Surface Temperature (LST) patterns in different seasons through nonlinear methods. Here, we particularly wanted to estimate the noninteger dimension and fractal structure of the Land Surface Temperature. For this study, the LST data were obtained during the daytime by a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite. Depending on the time of the year data were collected, temperatures changed in different ranges. Since equatorial regions remain warm, and Antarctica and Greenland remain cold, and also because altitude affects temperature, we selected Riley County in the US state of Kansas, which does not belong to any of these location types, and we observed the seasonal changes in temperature in this county. According to our fractal analysis, the fractal dimension may provide a complexity index to characterize different LST datasets. The multifractal analysis confirmed that the LST data may define a self-organizing system that produces fractal patterns in the structure of data. Thus, the LST data may not only have a wide range of fractal dimensions, but also they are fractal. The results of the present study show that the Land Surface Temperature (LST) belongs to the class of fractal processes with a noninteger dimension. Moreover, self-organized behavior governing the structure of LST data may provide an underlying principle that might be a general outcome of human activities and may shape the Earth’s surface temperature. We explicitly acknowledge the important role of fractal geometry when analyzing and tracing settlement patterns and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sepideh Azizi Tahmineh Azizi |
author_facet |
Sepideh Azizi Tahmineh Azizi |
author_sort |
Sepideh Azizi |
title |
Noninteger Dimension of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature (LST) |
title_short |
Noninteger Dimension of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature (LST) |
title_full |
Noninteger Dimension of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature (LST) |
title_fullStr |
Noninteger Dimension of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature (LST) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Noninteger Dimension of Seasonal Land Surface Temperature (LST) |
title_sort |
noninteger dimension of seasonal land surface temperature (lst) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060607 https://doaj.org/article/ee7c249ff47f4cf48a27f5d2256f130d |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-147.617,-147.617,-86.183,-86.183) |
geographic |
Greenland Riley |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Riley |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Greenland |
op_source |
Axioms, Vol 12, Iss 607, p 607 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/12/6/607 https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1680 doi:10.3390/axioms12060607 2075-1680 https://doaj.org/article/ee7c249ff47f4cf48a27f5d2256f130d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060607 |
container_title |
Axioms |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
607 |
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1772183130608762880 |