Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary
Abstract Background Despite being one of the most studied families within the Carnivora, the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the bear family (Ursidae) have long remained unclear. Widely divergent topologies have been suggested based on various data sets and methods. Results We presen...
Published in: | BMC Evolutionary Biology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2008
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 https://doaj.org/article/ed32b3235f1e41b8a85c396aacfb5bf4 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ed32b3235f1e41b8a85c396aacfb5bf4 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ed32b3235f1e41b8a85c396aacfb5bf4 2023-05-15T15:44:16+02:00 Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary Rabeder Gernot O'Brien Stephen J Bray Sarah CE Briggs Adrian W Dear Paul H Spriggs Helen Soibelzon Leopoldo Stiller Mathias Kolokotronis Sergios-Orestis Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo Noçon Aline Unger Tina Krause Johannes Matheus Paul Cooper Alan Slatkin Montgomery Pääbo Svante Hofreiter Michael 2008-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 https://doaj.org/article/ed32b3235f1e41b8a85c396aacfb5bf4 EN eng BMC http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/220 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2148 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 1471-2148 https://doaj.org/article/ed32b3235f1e41b8a85c396aacfb5bf4 BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 220 (2008) Evolution QH359-425 article 2008 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 2022-12-31T08:35:11Z Abstract Background Despite being one of the most studied families within the Carnivora, the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the bear family (Ursidae) have long remained unclear. Widely divergent topologies have been suggested based on various data sets and methods. Results We present a fully resolved phylogeny for ursids based on ten complete mitochondrial genome sequences from all eight living and two recently extinct bear species, the European cave bear ( Ursus spelaeus ) and the American giant short-faced bear ( Arctodus simus ). The mitogenomic data yield a well-resolved topology for ursids, with the sloth bear at the basal position within the genus Ursus . The sun bear is the sister taxon to both the American and Asian black bears, and this clade is the sister clade of cave bear, brown bear and polar bear confirming a recent study on bear mitochondrial genomes. Conclusion Sequences from extinct bears represent the third and fourth Pleistocene species for which complete mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced. Moreover, the cave bear specimen demonstrates that mitogenomic studies can be applied to Pleistocene fossils that have not been preserved in permafrost, and therefore have a broad application within ancient DNA research. Molecular dating of the mtDNA divergence times suggests a rapid radiation of bears in both the Old and New Worlds around 5 million years ago, at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This coincides with major global changes, such as the Messinian crisis and the first opening of the Bering Strait, and suggests a global influence of such events on species radiations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Bering Strait permafrost Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Bering Strait BMC Evolutionary Biology 8 1 220 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Evolution QH359-425 |
spellingShingle |
Evolution QH359-425 Rabeder Gernot O'Brien Stephen J Bray Sarah CE Briggs Adrian W Dear Paul H Spriggs Helen Soibelzon Leopoldo Stiller Mathias Kolokotronis Sergios-Orestis Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo Noçon Aline Unger Tina Krause Johannes Matheus Paul Cooper Alan Slatkin Montgomery Pääbo Svante Hofreiter Michael Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary |
topic_facet |
Evolution QH359-425 |
description |
Abstract Background Despite being one of the most studied families within the Carnivora, the phylogenetic relationships among the members of the bear family (Ursidae) have long remained unclear. Widely divergent topologies have been suggested based on various data sets and methods. Results We present a fully resolved phylogeny for ursids based on ten complete mitochondrial genome sequences from all eight living and two recently extinct bear species, the European cave bear ( Ursus spelaeus ) and the American giant short-faced bear ( Arctodus simus ). The mitogenomic data yield a well-resolved topology for ursids, with the sloth bear at the basal position within the genus Ursus . The sun bear is the sister taxon to both the American and Asian black bears, and this clade is the sister clade of cave bear, brown bear and polar bear confirming a recent study on bear mitochondrial genomes. Conclusion Sequences from extinct bears represent the third and fourth Pleistocene species for which complete mitochondrial genomes have been sequenced. Moreover, the cave bear specimen demonstrates that mitogenomic studies can be applied to Pleistocene fossils that have not been preserved in permafrost, and therefore have a broad application within ancient DNA research. Molecular dating of the mtDNA divergence times suggests a rapid radiation of bears in both the Old and New Worlds around 5 million years ago, at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. This coincides with major global changes, such as the Messinian crisis and the first opening of the Bering Strait, and suggests a global influence of such events on species radiations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rabeder Gernot O'Brien Stephen J Bray Sarah CE Briggs Adrian W Dear Paul H Spriggs Helen Soibelzon Leopoldo Stiller Mathias Kolokotronis Sergios-Orestis Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo Noçon Aline Unger Tina Krause Johannes Matheus Paul Cooper Alan Slatkin Montgomery Pääbo Svante Hofreiter Michael |
author_facet |
Rabeder Gernot O'Brien Stephen J Bray Sarah CE Briggs Adrian W Dear Paul H Spriggs Helen Soibelzon Leopoldo Stiller Mathias Kolokotronis Sergios-Orestis Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo Noçon Aline Unger Tina Krause Johannes Matheus Paul Cooper Alan Slatkin Montgomery Pääbo Svante Hofreiter Michael |
author_sort |
Rabeder Gernot |
title |
Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary |
title_short |
Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary |
title_full |
Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary |
title_fullStr |
Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary |
title_sort |
mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the miocene-pliocene boundary |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2008 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 https://doaj.org/article/ed32b3235f1e41b8a85c396aacfb5bf4 |
geographic |
Bering Strait |
geographic_facet |
Bering Strait |
genre |
Bering Strait permafrost |
genre_facet |
Bering Strait permafrost |
op_source |
BMC Evolutionary Biology, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 220 (2008) |
op_relation |
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/220 https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2148 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 1471-2148 https://doaj.org/article/ed32b3235f1e41b8a85c396aacfb5bf4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 |
container_title |
BMC Evolutionary Biology |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
220 |
_version_ |
1766378559069224960 |