Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis
The rapidly intensifying process of ocean acidification (OA) due to anthropogenic CO 2 is not only depleting carbonate ions necessary for calcification but also causing acidosis and disrupting internal pH homeostasis in several marine organisms. These negative consequences of OA on marine calcifiers...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ed2067b815c54db48bb3d9044bc8a33d 2023-05-15T17:50:47+02:00 Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis Y. Meng Z. Guo S. C. Fitzer A. Upadhyay V. B. S. Chan C. Li M. Cusack H. Yao K. W. K. Yeung V. Thiyagarajan 2018-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 https://doaj.org/article/ed2067b815c54db48bb3d9044bc8a33d EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/6833/2018/bg-15-6833-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/ed2067b815c54db48bb3d9044bc8a33d Biogeosciences, Vol 15, Pp 6833-6846 (2018) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 2022-12-31T02:52:48Z The rapidly intensifying process of ocean acidification (OA) due to anthropogenic CO 2 is not only depleting carbonate ions necessary for calcification but also causing acidosis and disrupting internal pH homeostasis in several marine organisms. These negative consequences of OA on marine calcifiers, i.e. oyster species, have been very well documented in recent studies; however, the consequences of reduced or impaired calcification on the end-product, shells or skeletons, still remain one of the major research gaps. Shells produced by marine organisms under OA are expected to show signs of dissolution, disorganized microstructure and reduced mechanical properties. To bridge this knowledge gap and to test the above hypothesis, we investigated the effect of OA on juvenile shells of the commercially important oyster species, Magallana angulata , at ecologically and climatically relevant OA levels (using pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.5, 7.2). In lower pH conditions, a drop of shell hardness and stiffness was revealed by nanoindentation tests, while an evident porous internal microstructure was detected by scanning electron microscopy. Crystallographic orientation, on the other hand, showed no significant difference with decreasing pH using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). These results indicate the porous internal microstructure may be the cause of the reduction in shell hardness and stiffness. The overall decrease of shell density observed from micro-computed tomography analysis indicates the porous internal microstructure may run through the shell, thus inevitably limiting the effectiveness of the shell's defensive function. This study shows the potential deterioration of oyster shells induced by OA, especially in their early life stage. This knowledge is critical to estimate the survival and production of edible oysters in the future ocean. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ocean acidification Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Biogeosciences 15 22 6833 6846 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
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Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 Y. Meng Z. Guo S. C. Fitzer A. Upadhyay V. B. S. Chan C. Li M. Cusack H. Yao K. W. K. Yeung V. Thiyagarajan Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
The rapidly intensifying process of ocean acidification (OA) due to anthropogenic CO 2 is not only depleting carbonate ions necessary for calcification but also causing acidosis and disrupting internal pH homeostasis in several marine organisms. These negative consequences of OA on marine calcifiers, i.e. oyster species, have been very well documented in recent studies; however, the consequences of reduced or impaired calcification on the end-product, shells or skeletons, still remain one of the major research gaps. Shells produced by marine organisms under OA are expected to show signs of dissolution, disorganized microstructure and reduced mechanical properties. To bridge this knowledge gap and to test the above hypothesis, we investigated the effect of OA on juvenile shells of the commercially important oyster species, Magallana angulata , at ecologically and climatically relevant OA levels (using pH 8.1, 7.8, 7.5, 7.2). In lower pH conditions, a drop of shell hardness and stiffness was revealed by nanoindentation tests, while an evident porous internal microstructure was detected by scanning electron microscopy. Crystallographic orientation, on the other hand, showed no significant difference with decreasing pH using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). These results indicate the porous internal microstructure may be the cause of the reduction in shell hardness and stiffness. The overall decrease of shell density observed from micro-computed tomography analysis indicates the porous internal microstructure may run through the shell, thus inevitably limiting the effectiveness of the shell's defensive function. This study shows the potential deterioration of oyster shells induced by OA, especially in their early life stage. This knowledge is critical to estimate the survival and production of edible oysters in the future ocean. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Y. Meng Z. Guo S. C. Fitzer A. Upadhyay V. B. S. Chan C. Li M. Cusack H. Yao K. W. K. Yeung V. Thiyagarajan |
author_facet |
Y. Meng Z. Guo S. C. Fitzer A. Upadhyay V. B. S. Chan C. Li M. Cusack H. Yao K. W. K. Yeung V. Thiyagarajan |
author_sort |
Y. Meng |
title |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_short |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_full |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_fullStr |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the Portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
title_sort |
ocean acidification reduces hardness and stiffness of the portuguese oyster shell with impaired microstructure: a hierarchical analysis |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 https://doaj.org/article/ed2067b815c54db48bb3d9044bc8a33d |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 15, Pp 6833-6846 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/6833/2018/bg-15-6833-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/ed2067b815c54db48bb3d9044bc8a33d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6833-2018 |
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Biogeosciences |
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15 |
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22 |
container_start_page |
6833 |
op_container_end_page |
6846 |
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1766157687952769024 |