Varying Flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (Family Salmonidae) species
ABSTRACTFlavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and is responsible for substantial losses in farm and hatchery-reared salmonids (Family Salmonidae). Although F. psychrophilum infects multiple economically important salmonids and is transmitted horizontally, the extent...
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American Society for Microbiology
2024
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ed04a72a962c4e0da950cf496a318ebc 2024-09-15T17:56:34+00:00 Varying Flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (Family Salmonidae) species Christopher Knupp Esteban Soto Thomas P. Loch 2024-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03601-23 https://doaj.org/article/ed04a72a962c4e0da950cf496a318ebc EN eng American Society for Microbiology https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03601-23 https://doaj.org/toc/2165-0497 doi:10.1128/spectrum.03601-23 2165-0497 https://doaj.org/article/ed04a72a962c4e0da950cf496a318ebc Microbiology Spectrum, Vol 12, Iss 2 (2024) bacterial coldwater disease rainbow trout fry syndrome Flavobacterium shedding transmission disease ecology Microbiology QR1-502 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03601-23 2024-08-05T17:50:05Z ABSTRACTFlavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and is responsible for substantial losses in farm and hatchery-reared salmonids (Family Salmonidae). Although F. psychrophilum infects multiple economically important salmonids and is transmitted horizontally, the extent of knowledge regarding F. psychrophilum shedding rates and duration is limited to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Concurrently, hundreds of F. psychrophilum sequence types (STs) have been described using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and evidence suggests that some variants have distinct phenotypes, including differences in host associations. Whether shedding dynamics differ among F. psychrophilum variants and/or salmonids remains unknown. Thus, three F. psychrophilum isolates (e.g., US19, US62, and US87) in three MLST STs (e.g., ST13, ST277, and ST275) with apparent host associations for coho salmon (O. kisutch), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), or rainbow trout were intramuscularly injected into each respective fish species. Shedding rates of live and dead fish were determined by quantifying F. psychrophilum loads in water via quantitative PCR. Both live and dead Atlantic and coho salmon shed F. psychrophilum, as did live and dead rainbow trout. Regardless of salmonid species, dead fish shed F. psychrophilum at higher rates (e.g., up to ~108–1010 cells/fish/hour) compared to live fish (up to ~107–109 cells/fish/hour) and for a longer duration (5–35 days vs 98 days); however, shedding dynamics varied by F. psychrophilum variant and/or host species, a matter that may complicate BCWD management. Findings herein expand knowledge on F. psychrophilum shedding dynamics across multiple salmonid species and can be used to inform future BCWD management strategies.IMPORTANCEFlavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome, both of which cause substantial losses in farmed and hatchery-reared salmon and trout populations worldwide. This study provides insight into F. ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Microbiology Spectrum 12 2 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
bacterial coldwater disease rainbow trout fry syndrome Flavobacterium shedding transmission disease ecology Microbiology QR1-502 |
spellingShingle |
bacterial coldwater disease rainbow trout fry syndrome Flavobacterium shedding transmission disease ecology Microbiology QR1-502 Christopher Knupp Esteban Soto Thomas P. Loch Varying Flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (Family Salmonidae) species |
topic_facet |
bacterial coldwater disease rainbow trout fry syndrome Flavobacterium shedding transmission disease ecology Microbiology QR1-502 |
description |
ABSTRACTFlavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and is responsible for substantial losses in farm and hatchery-reared salmonids (Family Salmonidae). Although F. psychrophilum infects multiple economically important salmonids and is transmitted horizontally, the extent of knowledge regarding F. psychrophilum shedding rates and duration is limited to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Concurrently, hundreds of F. psychrophilum sequence types (STs) have been described using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and evidence suggests that some variants have distinct phenotypes, including differences in host associations. Whether shedding dynamics differ among F. psychrophilum variants and/or salmonids remains unknown. Thus, three F. psychrophilum isolates (e.g., US19, US62, and US87) in three MLST STs (e.g., ST13, ST277, and ST275) with apparent host associations for coho salmon (O. kisutch), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), or rainbow trout were intramuscularly injected into each respective fish species. Shedding rates of live and dead fish were determined by quantifying F. psychrophilum loads in water via quantitative PCR. Both live and dead Atlantic and coho salmon shed F. psychrophilum, as did live and dead rainbow trout. Regardless of salmonid species, dead fish shed F. psychrophilum at higher rates (e.g., up to ~108–1010 cells/fish/hour) compared to live fish (up to ~107–109 cells/fish/hour) and for a longer duration (5–35 days vs 98 days); however, shedding dynamics varied by F. psychrophilum variant and/or host species, a matter that may complicate BCWD management. Findings herein expand knowledge on F. psychrophilum shedding dynamics across multiple salmonid species and can be used to inform future BCWD management strategies.IMPORTANCEFlavobacterium psychrophilum causes bacterial coldwater disease (BCWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome, both of which cause substantial losses in farmed and hatchery-reared salmon and trout populations worldwide. This study provides insight into F. ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Christopher Knupp Esteban Soto Thomas P. Loch |
author_facet |
Christopher Knupp Esteban Soto Thomas P. Loch |
author_sort |
Christopher Knupp |
title |
Varying Flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (Family Salmonidae) species |
title_short |
Varying Flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (Family Salmonidae) species |
title_full |
Varying Flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (Family Salmonidae) species |
title_fullStr |
Varying Flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (Family Salmonidae) species |
title_full_unstemmed |
Varying Flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (Family Salmonidae) species |
title_sort |
varying flavobacterium psychrophilum shedding dynamics in three bacterial coldwater disease-susceptible salmonid (family salmonidae) species |
publisher |
American Society for Microbiology |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03601-23 https://doaj.org/article/ed04a72a962c4e0da950cf496a318ebc |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Microbiology Spectrum, Vol 12, Iss 2 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/spectrum.03601-23 https://doaj.org/toc/2165-0497 doi:10.1128/spectrum.03601-23 2165-0497 https://doaj.org/article/ed04a72a962c4e0da950cf496a318ebc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.03601-23 |
container_title |
Microbiology Spectrum |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
2 |
_version_ |
1810432765583163392 |