Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation
The wild edible mushroom Cantharellus enelensis is a recently described species of the golden chanterelles found in eastern North America. At present, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. enelensis are not known. In this study, we analyzed a total of 230 fruiting bodies of C. enelens...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:eca9048598654563b3ec26d50bf00cbc 2024-01-07T09:44:55+01:00 Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation Kuan Zhao Gregory A. Korfanty Jianping Xu R. Greg Thorn 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 https://doaj.org/article/eca9048598654563b3ec26d50bf00cbc EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/7/1110 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4425 doi:10.3390/genes13071110 2073-4425 https://doaj.org/article/eca9048598654563b3ec26d50bf00cbc Genes, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1110 (2022) edible mushroom microsatellite genotyping population genetics range expansion Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium excess heterozygotes Genetics QH426-470 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 2023-12-10T01:42:28Z The wild edible mushroom Cantharellus enelensis is a recently described species of the golden chanterelles found in eastern North America. At present, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. enelensis are not known. In this study, we analyzed a total of 230 fruiting bodies of C. enelensis that were collected from three regions of Canada: near the east and west coasts of Newfoundland (NFLD), with 110 fruiting bodies each, and around Hamilton, Ontario (10 fruiting bodies). Among the 110 fruiting bodies from each coast in NFLD, 10 from 2009 were without specific site information, while 100 sampled in 2010 were from each of five patches separated by at least 100 m from each other. Each fruiting body was genotyped at three microsatellite loci. Among the total 28 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified, 2 were shared among all three regions, 4 were shared between 2 of the 3 regions, and the remaining 22 were each found in only 1 region. Minimal spanning network analyses revealed several region-specific MLG clusters, consistent with geographic specific mutation and expansion. Though the most frequently observed MLGs were shared among local (patch) and regional populations, population genetic analyses revealed that both local and regional geographic separations contributed significantly to the observed genetic variation in the total sample. All three regional populations showed excess heterozygosity; for the eastern NFLD population, we reject the null hypothesis of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at all three loci. However, the analyses of clone-corrected samples revealed that most loci were in HWE. Together, our results suggest that the three discrete regional populations of C. enelensis were likely colonized from a common refugium since the last ice age. However, the local and regional populations are diverging from each other through mutation, drift, and selection at least partly due to heterozygous advantage. Article in Journal/Newspaper Newfoundland Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Canada Genes 13 7 1110 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
edible mushroom microsatellite genotyping population genetics range expansion Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium excess heterozygotes Genetics QH426-470 |
spellingShingle |
edible mushroom microsatellite genotyping population genetics range expansion Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium excess heterozygotes Genetics QH426-470 Kuan Zhao Gregory A. Korfanty Jianping Xu R. Greg Thorn Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
topic_facet |
edible mushroom microsatellite genotyping population genetics range expansion Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium excess heterozygotes Genetics QH426-470 |
description |
The wild edible mushroom Cantharellus enelensis is a recently described species of the golden chanterelles found in eastern North America. At present, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. enelensis are not known. In this study, we analyzed a total of 230 fruiting bodies of C. enelensis that were collected from three regions of Canada: near the east and west coasts of Newfoundland (NFLD), with 110 fruiting bodies each, and around Hamilton, Ontario (10 fruiting bodies). Among the 110 fruiting bodies from each coast in NFLD, 10 from 2009 were without specific site information, while 100 sampled in 2010 were from each of five patches separated by at least 100 m from each other. Each fruiting body was genotyped at three microsatellite loci. Among the total 28 multilocus genotypes (MLGs) identified, 2 were shared among all three regions, 4 were shared between 2 of the 3 regions, and the remaining 22 were each found in only 1 region. Minimal spanning network analyses revealed several region-specific MLG clusters, consistent with geographic specific mutation and expansion. Though the most frequently observed MLGs were shared among local (patch) and regional populations, population genetic analyses revealed that both local and regional geographic separations contributed significantly to the observed genetic variation in the total sample. All three regional populations showed excess heterozygosity; for the eastern NFLD population, we reject the null hypothesis of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) at all three loci. However, the analyses of clone-corrected samples revealed that most loci were in HWE. Together, our results suggest that the three discrete regional populations of C. enelensis were likely colonized from a common refugium since the last ice age. However, the local and regional populations are diverging from each other through mutation, drift, and selection at least partly due to heterozygous advantage. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kuan Zhao Gregory A. Korfanty Jianping Xu R. Greg Thorn |
author_facet |
Kuan Zhao Gregory A. Korfanty Jianping Xu R. Greg Thorn |
author_sort |
Kuan Zhao |
title |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_short |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_full |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_fullStr |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic Analyses of Discrete Geographic Samples of a Golden Chanterelle in Canada Reveal Evidence for Recent Regional Differentiation |
title_sort |
genetic analyses of discrete geographic samples of a golden chanterelle in canada reveal evidence for recent regional differentiation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 https://doaj.org/article/eca9048598654563b3ec26d50bf00cbc |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
Newfoundland |
genre_facet |
Newfoundland |
op_source |
Genes, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 1110 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/7/1110 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4425 doi:10.3390/genes13071110 2073-4425 https://doaj.org/article/eca9048598654563b3ec26d50bf00cbc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13071110 |
container_title |
Genes |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
1110 |
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1787426352243146752 |