In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture
Philasterides dicentrarchi is an histophagous parasite that infects flatfish, namely turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ), and cause significant losses in aquaculture units. The available measures for P. dicentrarchi control have limited efficiency, and some cause harm to fish. Hence, sustainable and nat...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:eb5e658901884b95aa6c372fc431df24 2023-10-09T21:55:50+02:00 In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture Ana Carvalho Inês Domingues Carla Carvalho Artur M. S. Silva Amadeu M. V. M. Soares Catarina R. Marques 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070912 https://doaj.org/article/eb5e658901884b95aa6c372fc431df24 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/7/912 https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737 doi:10.3390/biology12070912 2079-7737 https://doaj.org/article/eb5e658901884b95aa6c372fc431df24 Biology, Vol 12, Iss 912, p 912 (2023) Philasterides dicentrarchi natural products population growth oxidative stress neurotoxicity proteases activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070912 2023-09-10T00:39:51Z Philasterides dicentrarchi is an histophagous parasite that infects flatfish, namely turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ), and cause significant losses in aquaculture units. The available measures for P. dicentrarchi control have limited efficiency, and some cause harm to fish. Hence, sustainable and natural control strategies are urgently needed. This study evaluated the in vitro bioactivity of the ethanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces on P. dicentrarchi population growth rate (PGR), oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione- S -transferases (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (TG) and catalase (CAT), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), activity and gene expression of proteases as major virulence factors. H. sabdariffa extract inhibited parasite PGR (IC 50 = 1.57 mg mL −1 ), and caused significant changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (LOEC = 0.22 mg mL −1 ), especially GPx, TG, and CAT. The activity of proteases was also severely inhibited (IC 50 = 0.76 mg mL −1 ), and gene expression of catepsin 90 and leishmanolysin proteases was downregulated. Organic acids and phenolic phytochemicals in hibiscus extract are potentially responsible for the antiprotozoal bioactivity herein determined. Therefore, H. sabdariffa extract can be a promising disease-control alternative against the ciliate proliferation, cellular defense mechanisms and pathogenicity. Still, its applicability in aquaculture settings, and potential effects on farmed fish, should be further elucidated. Article in Journal/Newspaper Scophthalmus maximus Turbot Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Biology 12 7 912 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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language |
English |
topic |
Philasterides dicentrarchi natural products population growth oxidative stress neurotoxicity proteases activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
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Philasterides dicentrarchi natural products population growth oxidative stress neurotoxicity proteases activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ana Carvalho Inês Domingues Carla Carvalho Artur M. S. Silva Amadeu M. V. M. Soares Catarina R. Marques In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture |
topic_facet |
Philasterides dicentrarchi natural products population growth oxidative stress neurotoxicity proteases activity Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Philasterides dicentrarchi is an histophagous parasite that infects flatfish, namely turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ), and cause significant losses in aquaculture units. The available measures for P. dicentrarchi control have limited efficiency, and some cause harm to fish. Hence, sustainable and natural control strategies are urgently needed. This study evaluated the in vitro bioactivity of the ethanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces on P. dicentrarchi population growth rate (PGR), oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione- S -transferases (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total glutathione (TG) and catalase (CAT), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), activity and gene expression of proteases as major virulence factors. H. sabdariffa extract inhibited parasite PGR (IC 50 = 1.57 mg mL −1 ), and caused significant changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (LOEC = 0.22 mg mL −1 ), especially GPx, TG, and CAT. The activity of proteases was also severely inhibited (IC 50 = 0.76 mg mL −1 ), and gene expression of catepsin 90 and leishmanolysin proteases was downregulated. Organic acids and phenolic phytochemicals in hibiscus extract are potentially responsible for the antiprotozoal bioactivity herein determined. Therefore, H. sabdariffa extract can be a promising disease-control alternative against the ciliate proliferation, cellular defense mechanisms and pathogenicity. Still, its applicability in aquaculture settings, and potential effects on farmed fish, should be further elucidated. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ana Carvalho Inês Domingues Carla Carvalho Artur M. S. Silva Amadeu M. V. M. Soares Catarina R. Marques |
author_facet |
Ana Carvalho Inês Domingues Carla Carvalho Artur M. S. Silva Amadeu M. V. M. Soares Catarina R. Marques |
author_sort |
Ana Carvalho |
title |
In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture |
title_short |
In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture |
title_full |
In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture |
title_fullStr |
In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture |
title_full_unstemmed |
In Vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract against a Ciliate Causing High Mortalities in Turbot Aquaculture |
title_sort |
in vitro antiprotozoal activity of hibiscus sabdariffa extract against a ciliate causing high mortalities in turbot aquaculture |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070912 https://doaj.org/article/eb5e658901884b95aa6c372fc431df24 |
genre |
Scophthalmus maximus Turbot |
genre_facet |
Scophthalmus maximus Turbot |
op_source |
Biology, Vol 12, Iss 912, p 912 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/7/912 https://doaj.org/toc/2079-7737 doi:10.3390/biology12070912 2079-7737 https://doaj.org/article/eb5e658901884b95aa6c372fc431df24 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070912 |
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Biology |
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12 |
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7 |
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912 |
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1779320005391810560 |