Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions
Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, are mostly unknown. In this study, meta...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ea369d87348e4a26abb9d50d0f6ee04e 2023-07-30T03:58:47+02:00 Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions Xiaoqian Gu Zhe Cao Luying Zhao Dewi Seswita-Zilda Qian Zhang Liping Fu Jiang Li 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311019 https://doaj.org/article/ea369d87348e4a26abb9d50d0f6ee04e EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/11019 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 doi:10.3390/ijms241311019 1422-0067 1661-6596 https://doaj.org/article/ea369d87348e4a26abb9d50d0f6ee04e International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 11019, p 11019 (2023) metagenomics red algae microbial diversity algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311019 2023-07-16T00:35:06Z Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, are mostly unknown. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and associated algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among three remote regions. There were significant differences in the macroalgae-associated bacteria community composition and diversity among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria had a significantly high relative abundance among the regions. From the perspective of species diversity, samples from China had the highest macroalgae-associated bacteria diversity, followed by those from Antarctica and Indonesia. In addition, in the functional prediction of the bacterial community, genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and membrane transport had a high relative abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis of environmental factors showed that, without considering algae species and composition, pH and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. Furthermore, there were significant differences in algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes among the regions. Samples from China and Antarctica had high abundances of algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, while those from Indonesia had extremely low abundances. The environmental differences between these three regions may impose a strong geographic differentiation regarding the biodiversity of algal microbiomes and their expressed enzyme genes. This work expands our knowledge of algal microbial ecology, and contributes to an in-depth study of their metabolic characteristics, ecological functions, and applications. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24 13 11019 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
metagenomics red algae microbial diversity algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
metagenomics red algae microbial diversity algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Xiaoqian Gu Zhe Cao Luying Zhao Dewi Seswita-Zilda Qian Zhang Liping Fu Jiang Li Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions |
topic_facet |
metagenomics red algae microbial diversity algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, are mostly unknown. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and associated algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among three remote regions. There were significant differences in the macroalgae-associated bacteria community composition and diversity among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria had a significantly high relative abundance among the regions. From the perspective of species diversity, samples from China had the highest macroalgae-associated bacteria diversity, followed by those from Antarctica and Indonesia. In addition, in the functional prediction of the bacterial community, genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and membrane transport had a high relative abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis of environmental factors showed that, without considering algae species and composition, pH and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. Furthermore, there were significant differences in algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes among the regions. Samples from China and Antarctica had high abundances of algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, while those from Indonesia had extremely low abundances. The environmental differences between these three regions may impose a strong geographic differentiation regarding the biodiversity of algal microbiomes and their expressed enzyme genes. This work expands our knowledge of algal microbial ecology, and contributes to an in-depth study of their metabolic characteristics, ecological functions, and applications. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Xiaoqian Gu Zhe Cao Luying Zhao Dewi Seswita-Zilda Qian Zhang Liping Fu Jiang Li |
author_facet |
Xiaoqian Gu Zhe Cao Luying Zhao Dewi Seswita-Zilda Qian Zhang Liping Fu Jiang Li |
author_sort |
Xiaoqian Gu |
title |
Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions |
title_short |
Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions |
title_full |
Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions |
title_fullStr |
Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions |
title_sort |
metagenomic insights reveal the microbial diversity and associated algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among remote regions |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311019 https://doaj.org/article/ea369d87348e4a26abb9d50d0f6ee04e |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica |
op_source |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 24, Iss 11019, p 11019 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/13/11019 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596 https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067 doi:10.3390/ijms241311019 1422-0067 1661-6596 https://doaj.org/article/ea369d87348e4a26abb9d50d0f6ee04e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311019 |
container_title |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
container_volume |
24 |
container_issue |
13 |
container_start_page |
11019 |
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1772809522402820096 |