Pulse Shape Analysis and Discrimination for Silicon-Photomultipliers in Helium-4 Gas Scintillation Neutron Detector
Using natural helium (helium-4), the Arktis 180-bar pressurized gas scintillator is capable of detecting and distinguishing fast neutrons and gammas. The detector has a unique design of three optically separated segments in which 12 silicon-photomultiplier (SiPM) pairs are positioned equilaterally a...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:ea258e69dd2046f88e8d0dfaf5085afa 2023-05-15T15:24:54+02:00 Pulse Shape Analysis and Discrimination for Silicon-Photomultipliers in Helium-4 Gas Scintillation Neutron Detector Barker Cathleen Zhu Ting Rolison Lucas Kiff Scott Jordan Kelly Enqvist Andreas 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007002 https://doaj.org/article/ea258e69dd2046f88e8d0dfaf5085afa EN eng EDP Sciences https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007002 https://doaj.org/toc/2100-014X 2100-014X doi:10.1051/epjconf/201817007002 https://doaj.org/article/ea258e69dd2046f88e8d0dfaf5085afa EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 170, p 07002 (2018) SiPM helium-4 detector pulse shaped discrimination digitizer Physics QC1-999 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007002 2022-12-31T12:39:14Z Using natural helium (helium-4), the Arktis 180-bar pressurized gas scintillator is capable of detecting and distinguishing fast neutrons and gammas. The detector has a unique design of three optically separated segments in which 12 silicon-photomultiplier (SiPM) pairs are positioned equilaterally across the detector to allow for them to be fully immersed in the helium-4 gas volume; consequently, no additional optical interfaces are necessary. The SiPM signals were amplified, shaped, and readout by an analog board; a 250 MHz, 14-bit digitizer was used to examine the output pulses from each SiPMpair channel. The SiPM over-voltage had to be adjusted in order to reduce pulse clipping and negative overshoot, which was observed for events with high scintillation production. Pulse shaped discrimination (PSD) was conducted by evaluating three different parameters: time over threshold (TOT), pulse amplitude, and pulse integral. In order to differentiate high and low energy events, a 30ns gate window was implemented to group pulses from two SiPM channels or more for the calculation of TOT. It was demonstrated that pulses from a single SiPM channel within the 30ns window corresponded to low-energy gamma events while groups of pulses from two-channels or more were most likely neutron events. Due to gamma pulses having lower pulse amplitude, the percentage of measured gamma also depends on the threshold value in TOT calculations. Similarly, the threshold values were varied for the optimal PSD methods of using pulse amplitude and pulse area parameters. Helium-4 detectors equipped with SiPMs are excellent for in-the-field radiation measurement of nuclear spent fuel casks. With optimized PSD methods, the goal of developing a fuel cask content monitoring and inspection system based on these helium-4 detectors will be achieved. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arktis Arktis* Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles EPJ Web of Conferences 170 07002 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
SiPM helium-4 detector pulse shaped discrimination digitizer Physics QC1-999 |
spellingShingle |
SiPM helium-4 detector pulse shaped discrimination digitizer Physics QC1-999 Barker Cathleen Zhu Ting Rolison Lucas Kiff Scott Jordan Kelly Enqvist Andreas Pulse Shape Analysis and Discrimination for Silicon-Photomultipliers in Helium-4 Gas Scintillation Neutron Detector |
topic_facet |
SiPM helium-4 detector pulse shaped discrimination digitizer Physics QC1-999 |
description |
Using natural helium (helium-4), the Arktis 180-bar pressurized gas scintillator is capable of detecting and distinguishing fast neutrons and gammas. The detector has a unique design of three optically separated segments in which 12 silicon-photomultiplier (SiPM) pairs are positioned equilaterally across the detector to allow for them to be fully immersed in the helium-4 gas volume; consequently, no additional optical interfaces are necessary. The SiPM signals were amplified, shaped, and readout by an analog board; a 250 MHz, 14-bit digitizer was used to examine the output pulses from each SiPMpair channel. The SiPM over-voltage had to be adjusted in order to reduce pulse clipping and negative overshoot, which was observed for events with high scintillation production. Pulse shaped discrimination (PSD) was conducted by evaluating three different parameters: time over threshold (TOT), pulse amplitude, and pulse integral. In order to differentiate high and low energy events, a 30ns gate window was implemented to group pulses from two SiPM channels or more for the calculation of TOT. It was demonstrated that pulses from a single SiPM channel within the 30ns window corresponded to low-energy gamma events while groups of pulses from two-channels or more were most likely neutron events. Due to gamma pulses having lower pulse amplitude, the percentage of measured gamma also depends on the threshold value in TOT calculations. Similarly, the threshold values were varied for the optimal PSD methods of using pulse amplitude and pulse area parameters. Helium-4 detectors equipped with SiPMs are excellent for in-the-field radiation measurement of nuclear spent fuel casks. With optimized PSD methods, the goal of developing a fuel cask content monitoring and inspection system based on these helium-4 detectors will be achieved. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Barker Cathleen Zhu Ting Rolison Lucas Kiff Scott Jordan Kelly Enqvist Andreas |
author_facet |
Barker Cathleen Zhu Ting Rolison Lucas Kiff Scott Jordan Kelly Enqvist Andreas |
author_sort |
Barker Cathleen |
title |
Pulse Shape Analysis and Discrimination for Silicon-Photomultipliers in Helium-4 Gas Scintillation Neutron Detector |
title_short |
Pulse Shape Analysis and Discrimination for Silicon-Photomultipliers in Helium-4 Gas Scintillation Neutron Detector |
title_full |
Pulse Shape Analysis and Discrimination for Silicon-Photomultipliers in Helium-4 Gas Scintillation Neutron Detector |
title_fullStr |
Pulse Shape Analysis and Discrimination for Silicon-Photomultipliers in Helium-4 Gas Scintillation Neutron Detector |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pulse Shape Analysis and Discrimination for Silicon-Photomultipliers in Helium-4 Gas Scintillation Neutron Detector |
title_sort |
pulse shape analysis and discrimination for silicon-photomultipliers in helium-4 gas scintillation neutron detector |
publisher |
EDP Sciences |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007002 https://doaj.org/article/ea258e69dd2046f88e8d0dfaf5085afa |
genre |
Arktis Arktis* |
genre_facet |
Arktis Arktis* |
op_source |
EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol 170, p 07002 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007002 https://doaj.org/toc/2100-014X 2100-014X doi:10.1051/epjconf/201817007002 https://doaj.org/article/ea258e69dd2046f88e8d0dfaf5085afa |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817007002 |
container_title |
EPJ Web of Conferences |
container_volume |
170 |
container_start_page |
07002 |
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1766355500785467392 |