Major Modes of Climate Variability Dominate Nonlinear Antarctic Ice‐Sheet Elevation Changes 2002–2020

• Published in: Geophysical Research Letters
• Main Authors: Matt A. King, Poul Christoffersen
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2024
• Subjects: climate variability; ice elevation; Antarctic; GRACE; ENSO; SAM; Geophysics. Cosmic physics; QC801-809; Amundsen Sea; Antarc*; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108844; https://doaj.org/article/ea21b97445ea493293c675a192c52c8e

Abstract We explore the links between elevation variability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) and large‐scale climate modes. Using multiple linear regression, we quantify the time‐cumulative effects of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) on gridded AIS elevations. Cumulative ENSO and SAM explain a median of 29% of the partial variance and up to 85% in some coastal areas. After spatial smoothing, these signals have high spatial correlation with those from GRACE gravimetry (r∼ = 0.65 each). Much of the signal is removed by a firn densification model but inter‐model differences exist especially for ENSO. At the lower parts of the Thwaites and Pine Island glaciers, near their grounding line, we find the Amundsen Sea Low (ASL) explains ∼90% of the observed elevation variability. There, modeled firn effects explain only a small fraction of the variability, suggesting significant height changes could be a response to climatological ice‐dynamics.