On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer
The surface microlayer (SML) represents a unique system of which the physicochemical characteristics may differ from those of the underlying subsurface seawater (SSW). Within the Arctic pack ice area, the SML has been characterized as enriched in small colloids of biological origin, resulting from e...
Published in: | Ocean Science |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2012
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-401-2012 https://doaj.org/article/e96203e18b03466dad7a86c6cb0ae32c |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e96203e18b03466dad7a86c6cb0ae32c |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e96203e18b03466dad7a86c6cb0ae32c 2023-05-15T14:50:06+02:00 On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer Q. Gao C. Leck C. Rauschenberg P. A. Matrai 2012-07-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-401-2012 https://doaj.org/article/e96203e18b03466dad7a86c6cb0ae32c EN eng Copernicus Publications http://www.ocean-sci.net/8/401/2012/os-8-401-2012.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-8-401-2012 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/e96203e18b03466dad7a86c6cb0ae32c Ocean Science, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 401-418 (2012) Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2012 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-401-2012 2022-12-31T13:17:23Z The surface microlayer (SML) represents a unique system of which the physicochemical characteristics may differ from those of the underlying subsurface seawater (SSW). Within the Arctic pack ice area, the SML has been characterized as enriched in small colloids of biological origin, resulting from extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS). During the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) in August 2008, particulate organic matter (POM, with size range > 0.22 μm) and dissolved organic matter (DOM, < 0.22 μm, obtained after filtration) samples were collected and chemically characterized from the SML and the corresponding SSW at an open lead centered at 87.5° N and 5° E. Total organic carbon was persistently enriched in the SML with a mean enrichment factor (EF) of 1.45 ± 0.41, whereas sporadic depletions of dissolved carbohydrates and amino acids were observed. Monosaccharide compositional analysis reveals that EPS in the Arctic lead was formed mainly of distinctive heteropolysaccharides, enriched in xylose, fucose and glucose. The mean concentrations of total hydrolysable neutral sugars in SSW were 94.9 ± 37.5 nM in high molecular weight (HMW) DOM (> 5 kDa) and 64.4 ± 14.5 nM in POM. The enrichment of polysaccharides in the SML appeared to be a common feature, with EFs ranging from 1.7 to 7.0 for particulate polysaccharides and 3.5 to 12.1 for polysaccharides in the HMW DOM fraction. A calculated monosaccharide yield suggests that polymers in the HMW DOM fraction were scavenged, without substantial degradation, into the SML. Bubble scavenging experiments showed that newly aggregated particles could be formed abiotically by coagulation of low molecular weight nanometer-sized gels. Aerosol particles, artificially generated by bubbling experiments, were enriched in polysaccharides by factors of 22–70, relative to the source seawater. We propose that bubble scavenging of surface-active polysaccharides could be one of the possible mechanisms for the enrichment of polysaccharides in the high Arctic open lead ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Ocean Science 8 4 401 418 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 Q. Gao C. Leck C. Rauschenberg P. A. Matrai On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer |
topic_facet |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
The surface microlayer (SML) represents a unique system of which the physicochemical characteristics may differ from those of the underlying subsurface seawater (SSW). Within the Arctic pack ice area, the SML has been characterized as enriched in small colloids of biological origin, resulting from extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS). During the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) in August 2008, particulate organic matter (POM, with size range > 0.22 μm) and dissolved organic matter (DOM, < 0.22 μm, obtained after filtration) samples were collected and chemically characterized from the SML and the corresponding SSW at an open lead centered at 87.5° N and 5° E. Total organic carbon was persistently enriched in the SML with a mean enrichment factor (EF) of 1.45 ± 0.41, whereas sporadic depletions of dissolved carbohydrates and amino acids were observed. Monosaccharide compositional analysis reveals that EPS in the Arctic lead was formed mainly of distinctive heteropolysaccharides, enriched in xylose, fucose and glucose. The mean concentrations of total hydrolysable neutral sugars in SSW were 94.9 ± 37.5 nM in high molecular weight (HMW) DOM (> 5 kDa) and 64.4 ± 14.5 nM in POM. The enrichment of polysaccharides in the SML appeared to be a common feature, with EFs ranging from 1.7 to 7.0 for particulate polysaccharides and 3.5 to 12.1 for polysaccharides in the HMW DOM fraction. A calculated monosaccharide yield suggests that polymers in the HMW DOM fraction were scavenged, without substantial degradation, into the SML. Bubble scavenging experiments showed that newly aggregated particles could be formed abiotically by coagulation of low molecular weight nanometer-sized gels. Aerosol particles, artificially generated by bubbling experiments, were enriched in polysaccharides by factors of 22–70, relative to the source seawater. We propose that bubble scavenging of surface-active polysaccharides could be one of the possible mechanisms for the enrichment of polysaccharides in the high Arctic open lead ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Q. Gao C. Leck C. Rauschenberg P. A. Matrai |
author_facet |
Q. Gao C. Leck C. Rauschenberg P. A. Matrai |
author_sort |
Q. Gao |
title |
On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer |
title_short |
On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer |
title_full |
On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer |
title_fullStr |
On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high Arctic surface microlayer |
title_sort |
on the chemical dynamics of extracellular polysaccharides in the high arctic surface microlayer |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-401-2012 https://doaj.org/article/e96203e18b03466dad7a86c6cb0ae32c |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Ocean Science, Vol 8, Iss 4, Pp 401-418 (2012) |
op_relation |
http://www.ocean-sci.net/8/401/2012/os-8-401-2012.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-8-401-2012 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/e96203e18b03466dad7a86c6cb0ae32c |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-8-401-2012 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
401 |
op_container_end_page |
418 |
_version_ |
1766321174219849728 |