The density–salinity relation of standard seawater
The determination of salinity by means of electrical conductivity relies on stable salt proportions in the North Atlantic Ocean, because standard seawater, which is required for salinometer calibration, is produced from water of the North Atlantic. To verify the long-term stability of the standard s...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e8b742a4a7c9483cbd4eacef953ff356 2023-05-15T17:31:08+02:00 The density–salinity relation of standard seawater H. Schmidt S. Seitz E. Hassel H. Wolf 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-15-2018 https://doaj.org/article/e8b742a4a7c9483cbd4eacef953ff356 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.ocean-sci.net/14/15/2018/os-14-15-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-14-15-2018 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/e8b742a4a7c9483cbd4eacef953ff356 Ocean Science, Vol 14, Pp 15-40 (2018) Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-15-2018 2022-12-31T10:05:37Z The determination of salinity by means of electrical conductivity relies on stable salt proportions in the North Atlantic Ocean, because standard seawater, which is required for salinometer calibration, is produced from water of the North Atlantic. To verify the long-term stability of the standard seawater composition, it was proposed to perform measurements of the standard seawater density. Since the density is sensitive to all salt components, a density measurement can detect any change in the composition. A conversion of the density values to salinity can be performed by means of a density–salinity relation. To use such a relation with a target uncertainty in salinity comparable to that in salinity obtained from conductivity measurements, a density measurement with an uncertainty of 2 g m −3 is mandatory. We present a new density–salinity relation based on such accurate density measurements. The substitution measurement method used is described and density corrections for uniform isotopic and chemical compositions are reported. The comparison of densities calculated using the new relation with those calculated using the present reference equations of state TEOS-10 suggests that the density accuracy of TEOS-10 (as well as that of EOS-80) has been overestimated, as the accuracy of some of its underlying density measurements had been overestimated. The new density–salinity relation may be used to verify the stable composition of standard seawater by means of routine density measurements. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Ocean Science 14 1 15 40 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 H. Schmidt S. Seitz E. Hassel H. Wolf The density–salinity relation of standard seawater |
topic_facet |
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation G Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
The determination of salinity by means of electrical conductivity relies on stable salt proportions in the North Atlantic Ocean, because standard seawater, which is required for salinometer calibration, is produced from water of the North Atlantic. To verify the long-term stability of the standard seawater composition, it was proposed to perform measurements of the standard seawater density. Since the density is sensitive to all salt components, a density measurement can detect any change in the composition. A conversion of the density values to salinity can be performed by means of a density–salinity relation. To use such a relation with a target uncertainty in salinity comparable to that in salinity obtained from conductivity measurements, a density measurement with an uncertainty of 2 g m −3 is mandatory. We present a new density–salinity relation based on such accurate density measurements. The substitution measurement method used is described and density corrections for uniform isotopic and chemical compositions are reported. The comparison of densities calculated using the new relation with those calculated using the present reference equations of state TEOS-10 suggests that the density accuracy of TEOS-10 (as well as that of EOS-80) has been overestimated, as the accuracy of some of its underlying density measurements had been overestimated. The new density–salinity relation may be used to verify the stable composition of standard seawater by means of routine density measurements. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
H. Schmidt S. Seitz E. Hassel H. Wolf |
author_facet |
H. Schmidt S. Seitz E. Hassel H. Wolf |
author_sort |
H. Schmidt |
title |
The density–salinity relation of standard seawater |
title_short |
The density–salinity relation of standard seawater |
title_full |
The density–salinity relation of standard seawater |
title_fullStr |
The density–salinity relation of standard seawater |
title_full_unstemmed |
The density–salinity relation of standard seawater |
title_sort |
density–salinity relation of standard seawater |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-15-2018 https://doaj.org/article/e8b742a4a7c9483cbd4eacef953ff356 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Ocean Science, Vol 14, Pp 15-40 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.ocean-sci.net/14/15/2018/os-14-15-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0784 https://doaj.org/toc/1812-0792 doi:10.5194/os-14-15-2018 1812-0784 1812-0792 https://doaj.org/article/e8b742a4a7c9483cbd4eacef953ff356 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-14-15-2018 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
15 |
op_container_end_page |
40 |
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1766128478413914112 |