Soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the Arctic snowpack
Basal depth hoar that forms in Arctic snowpacks often has a low thermal conductivity, strongly contributing to the snowpack thermal insulance and impacting the permafrost thermal regime. At Ward Hunt Island (Canadian high Arctic, 83°05′N, 74°07′W) almost no depth hoar was observed in spring 2016 des...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e861c7b5fa544e158c58212cd5484d32 2023-05-15T14:43:53+02:00 Soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the Arctic snowpack FLORENT DOMINE MARIA BELKE-BREA DENIS SARRAZIN LAURENT ARNAUD MATHIEU BARRERE MATHILDE POIRIER 2018-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.89 https://doaj.org/article/e861c7b5fa544e158c58212cd5484d32 EN eng Cambridge University Press https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143018000898/type/journal_article https://doaj.org/toc/0022-1430 https://doaj.org/toc/1727-5652 doi:10.1017/jog.2018.89 0022-1430 1727-5652 https://doaj.org/article/e861c7b5fa544e158c58212cd5484d32 Journal of Glaciology, Vol 64, Pp 990-1002 (2018) arctic snowpack convection permafrost thermal conductivity water vapor flux Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.89 2023-03-12T01:30:59Z Basal depth hoar that forms in Arctic snowpacks often has a low thermal conductivity, strongly contributing to the snowpack thermal insulance and impacting the permafrost thermal regime. At Ward Hunt Island (Canadian high Arctic, 83°05′N, 74°07′W) almost no depth hoar was observed in spring 2016 despite favorable thermal conditions. We hypothesize that depth hoar formation was impeded by the combination of two factors (1) strong winds in fall that formed hard dense wind slabs where water vapor transport was slow and (2) low soil moisture that led to rapid ground cooling with no zero-curtain period, which reduced soil temperature and the temperature gradient in the snowpack. Comparisons with detailed data from the subsequent winter at Ward Hunt and from Bylot Island (73°09′N, 80°00′W) and with data from Barrow and Alert indicate that both high wind speeds after snow onset and low soil moisture are necessary to prevent Arctic depth hoar formation. The role of convection to form depth hoar is discussed. A simple preliminary strategy to parameterize depth hoar thermal conductivity in snow schemes is proposed based on wind speed and soil moisture. Finally, warming-induced vegetation growth and soil moisture increase should reduce depth hoar thermal conductivity, potentially affecting permafrost temperature. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Bylot Island Journal of Glaciology permafrost Ward Hunt Island Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Bylot Island Hunt Island ENVELOPE(-100.601,-100.601,58.788,58.788) Ward Hunt Island ENVELOPE(-74.161,-74.161,83.102,83.102) Journal of Glaciology 64 248 990 1002 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
arctic snowpack convection permafrost thermal conductivity water vapor flux Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
spellingShingle |
arctic snowpack convection permafrost thermal conductivity water vapor flux Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 FLORENT DOMINE MARIA BELKE-BREA DENIS SARRAZIN LAURENT ARNAUD MATHIEU BARRERE MATHILDE POIRIER Soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the Arctic snowpack |
topic_facet |
arctic snowpack convection permafrost thermal conductivity water vapor flux Environmental sciences GE1-350 Meteorology. Climatology QC851-999 |
description |
Basal depth hoar that forms in Arctic snowpacks often has a low thermal conductivity, strongly contributing to the snowpack thermal insulance and impacting the permafrost thermal regime. At Ward Hunt Island (Canadian high Arctic, 83°05′N, 74°07′W) almost no depth hoar was observed in spring 2016 despite favorable thermal conditions. We hypothesize that depth hoar formation was impeded by the combination of two factors (1) strong winds in fall that formed hard dense wind slabs where water vapor transport was slow and (2) low soil moisture that led to rapid ground cooling with no zero-curtain period, which reduced soil temperature and the temperature gradient in the snowpack. Comparisons with detailed data from the subsequent winter at Ward Hunt and from Bylot Island (73°09′N, 80°00′W) and with data from Barrow and Alert indicate that both high wind speeds after snow onset and low soil moisture are necessary to prevent Arctic depth hoar formation. The role of convection to form depth hoar is discussed. A simple preliminary strategy to parameterize depth hoar thermal conductivity in snow schemes is proposed based on wind speed and soil moisture. Finally, warming-induced vegetation growth and soil moisture increase should reduce depth hoar thermal conductivity, potentially affecting permafrost temperature. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
FLORENT DOMINE MARIA BELKE-BREA DENIS SARRAZIN LAURENT ARNAUD MATHIEU BARRERE MATHILDE POIRIER |
author_facet |
FLORENT DOMINE MARIA BELKE-BREA DENIS SARRAZIN LAURENT ARNAUD MATHIEU BARRERE MATHILDE POIRIER |
author_sort |
FLORENT DOMINE |
title |
Soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the Arctic snowpack |
title_short |
Soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the Arctic snowpack |
title_full |
Soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the Arctic snowpack |
title_fullStr |
Soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the Arctic snowpack |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the Arctic snowpack |
title_sort |
soil moisture, wind speed and depth hoar formation in the arctic snowpack |
publisher |
Cambridge University Press |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.89 https://doaj.org/article/e861c7b5fa544e158c58212cd5484d32 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-100.601,-100.601,58.788,58.788) ENVELOPE(-74.161,-74.161,83.102,83.102) |
geographic |
Arctic Bylot Island Hunt Island Ward Hunt Island |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bylot Island Hunt Island Ward Hunt Island |
genre |
Arctic Bylot Island Journal of Glaciology permafrost Ward Hunt Island |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bylot Island Journal of Glaciology permafrost Ward Hunt Island |
op_source |
Journal of Glaciology, Vol 64, Pp 990-1002 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143018000898/type/journal_article https://doaj.org/toc/0022-1430 https://doaj.org/toc/1727-5652 doi:10.1017/jog.2018.89 0022-1430 1727-5652 https://doaj.org/article/e861c7b5fa544e158c58212cd5484d32 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.89 |
container_title |
Journal of Glaciology |
container_volume |
64 |
container_issue |
248 |
container_start_page |
990 |
op_container_end_page |
1002 |
_version_ |
1766315465269837824 |