Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models
The correct representation of Antarctic clouds in atmospheric models is crucial for accurate projections of the future Antarctic climate. This is particularly true for summer clouds which play a critical role in the surface melting of the ice shelves in the vicinity of the Weddell Sea. The pristine...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e8065b01149c4cd9af52de171f6523c6 2023-05-15T13:37:48+02:00 Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models G. Sotiropoulou É. Vignon G. Young H. Morrison S. J. O'Shea T. Lachlan-Cope A. Berne A. Nenes 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-755-2021 https://doaj.org/article/e8065b01149c4cd9af52de171f6523c6 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/755/2021/acp-21-755-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-21-755-2021 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/e8065b01149c4cd9af52de171f6523c6 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 755-771 (2021) Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-755-2021 2022-12-31T04:54:38Z The correct representation of Antarctic clouds in atmospheric models is crucial for accurate projections of the future Antarctic climate. This is particularly true for summer clouds which play a critical role in the surface melting of the ice shelves in the vicinity of the Weddell Sea. The pristine atmosphere over the Antarctic coast is characterized by low concentrations of ice nucleating particles (INPs) which often result in the formation of supercooled liquid clouds. However, when ice formation occurs, the ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) are substantially higher than those predicted by existing primary ice nucleation parameterizations. The rime-splintering mechanism, thought to be the dominant secondary ice production (SIP) mechanism at temperatures between −8 and −3 ∘ C, is also weak in the Weather and Research Forecasting model. Including a parameterization for SIP due to breakup (BR) from collisions between ice particles improves the ICNC representation in the modeled mixed-phase clouds, suggesting that BR could account for the enhanced ICNCs often found in Antarctic clouds. The model results indicate that a minimum concentration of about ∼ 0.1 L −1 of primary ice crystals is necessary and sufficient to initiate significant breakup to explain the observations, while our findings show little sensitivity to increasing INPs. The BR mechanism is currently not represented in most weather prediction and climate models; including this process can have a significant impact on the Antarctic radiation budget. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Ice Shelves Weddell Sea Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Rime ENVELOPE(6.483,6.483,62.567,62.567) The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 2 755 771 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
spellingShingle |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 G. Sotiropoulou É. Vignon G. Young H. Morrison S. J. O'Shea T. Lachlan-Cope A. Berne A. Nenes Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models |
topic_facet |
Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 |
description |
The correct representation of Antarctic clouds in atmospheric models is crucial for accurate projections of the future Antarctic climate. This is particularly true for summer clouds which play a critical role in the surface melting of the ice shelves in the vicinity of the Weddell Sea. The pristine atmosphere over the Antarctic coast is characterized by low concentrations of ice nucleating particles (INPs) which often result in the formation of supercooled liquid clouds. However, when ice formation occurs, the ice crystal number concentrations (ICNCs) are substantially higher than those predicted by existing primary ice nucleation parameterizations. The rime-splintering mechanism, thought to be the dominant secondary ice production (SIP) mechanism at temperatures between −8 and −3 ∘ C, is also weak in the Weather and Research Forecasting model. Including a parameterization for SIP due to breakup (BR) from collisions between ice particles improves the ICNC representation in the modeled mixed-phase clouds, suggesting that BR could account for the enhanced ICNCs often found in Antarctic clouds. The model results indicate that a minimum concentration of about ∼ 0.1 L −1 of primary ice crystals is necessary and sufficient to initiate significant breakup to explain the observations, while our findings show little sensitivity to increasing INPs. The BR mechanism is currently not represented in most weather prediction and climate models; including this process can have a significant impact on the Antarctic radiation budget. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
G. Sotiropoulou É. Vignon G. Young H. Morrison S. J. O'Shea T. Lachlan-Cope A. Berne A. Nenes |
author_facet |
G. Sotiropoulou É. Vignon G. Young H. Morrison S. J. O'Shea T. Lachlan-Cope A. Berne A. Nenes |
author_sort |
G. Sotiropoulou |
title |
Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models |
title_short |
Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models |
title_full |
Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models |
title_fullStr |
Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models |
title_full_unstemmed |
Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models |
title_sort |
secondary ice production in summer clouds over the antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-755-2021 https://doaj.org/article/e8065b01149c4cd9af52de171f6523c6 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(6.483,6.483,62.567,62.567) |
geographic |
Antarctic Rime The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Rime The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice Shelves Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Ice Shelves Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 755-771 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/755/2021/acp-21-755-2021.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316 https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324 doi:10.5194/acp-21-755-2021 1680-7316 1680-7324 https://doaj.org/article/e8065b01149c4cd9af52de171f6523c6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-755-2021 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
755 |
op_container_end_page |
771 |
_version_ |
1766097950860115968 |