Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada
Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite, infects mammals and birds worldwide. Infection in humans is often asymptomatic, though illnesses can occur in immunocompromised hosts and the fetuses of susceptible women infected during pregnancy. In Nunavik, Canada, 60% of the I...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e71e8c07998b494fbe635496c54591b0 2023-05-15T15:46:23+02:00 Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada Nicholas Bachand André Ravel Patrick Leighton Craig Stephen Momar Ndao Ellen Avard Emily Jenkins 2019-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 https://doaj.org/article/e71e8c07998b494fbe635496c54591b0 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 https://doaj.org/toc/1756-3305 doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 1756-3305 https://doaj.org/article/e71e8c07998b494fbe635496c54591b0 Parasites & Vectors, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2019) Toxoplasma gondii Zoonosis Food-borne pathogen Wildlife Public health Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 2022-12-31T14:41:15Z Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite, infects mammals and birds worldwide. Infection in humans is often asymptomatic, though illnesses can occur in immunocompromised hosts and the fetuses of susceptible women infected during pregnancy. In Nunavik, Canada, 60% of the Inuit population has measurable antibodies against T. gondii. Handling and consumption of wildlife have been identified as risk factors for exposure. Serological evidence of exposure has been reported for wildlife in Nunavik; however, T. gondii has not been detected in wildlife tissues commonly consumed by Inuit. Methods We used a magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR protocol to extract and amplify T. gondii DNA from large quantities of tissues (up to 100 g) of 441 individual animals in Nunavik: 166 ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus), 156 geese (Branta canadensis and Chen caerulescens), 61 ringed seals (Pusa hispida), 31 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and 27 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). Results DNA from T. gondii was detected in 9% (95% CI: 3–15%) of geese from four communities in western and southern Nunavik, but DNA was not detected in other wildlife species including 20% (95% CI: 12–31%) of ringed seals and 26% (95% CI: 14–43%) of caribou positive on a commercial modified agglutination test (MAT) using thawed heart muscle juice. In geese, tissue parasite burden was highest in heart, followed by brain, breast muscle, liver and gizzard. Serological results did not correlate well with tissue infection status for any wildlife species. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection, quantification, and characterization of DNA of T. gondii (clonal lineage II in one goose) from wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, which supports the hypothesis that migratory geese can carry T. gondii into Nunavik where feline definitive hosts are rare. This study suggests that direct detection methods may be useful for detection of T. gondii in wildlife harvested for human consumption and provides data ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Branta canadensis inuit Odobenus rosmarus Pusa hispida Rangifer tarandus Nunavik walrus* Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Nunavik Canada Parasites & Vectors 12 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Toxoplasma gondii Zoonosis Food-borne pathogen Wildlife Public health Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Toxoplasma gondii Zoonosis Food-borne pathogen Wildlife Public health Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Nicholas Bachand André Ravel Patrick Leighton Craig Stephen Momar Ndao Ellen Avard Emily Jenkins Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
topic_facet |
Toxoplasma gondii Zoonosis Food-borne pathogen Wildlife Public health Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite, infects mammals and birds worldwide. Infection in humans is often asymptomatic, though illnesses can occur in immunocompromised hosts and the fetuses of susceptible women infected during pregnancy. In Nunavik, Canada, 60% of the Inuit population has measurable antibodies against T. gondii. Handling and consumption of wildlife have been identified as risk factors for exposure. Serological evidence of exposure has been reported for wildlife in Nunavik; however, T. gondii has not been detected in wildlife tissues commonly consumed by Inuit. Methods We used a magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR protocol to extract and amplify T. gondii DNA from large quantities of tissues (up to 100 g) of 441 individual animals in Nunavik: 166 ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus), 156 geese (Branta canadensis and Chen caerulescens), 61 ringed seals (Pusa hispida), 31 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and 27 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). Results DNA from T. gondii was detected in 9% (95% CI: 3–15%) of geese from four communities in western and southern Nunavik, but DNA was not detected in other wildlife species including 20% (95% CI: 12–31%) of ringed seals and 26% (95% CI: 14–43%) of caribou positive on a commercial modified agglutination test (MAT) using thawed heart muscle juice. In geese, tissue parasite burden was highest in heart, followed by brain, breast muscle, liver and gizzard. Serological results did not correlate well with tissue infection status for any wildlife species. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection, quantification, and characterization of DNA of T. gondii (clonal lineage II in one goose) from wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, which supports the hypothesis that migratory geese can carry T. gondii into Nunavik where feline definitive hosts are rare. This study suggests that direct detection methods may be useful for detection of T. gondii in wildlife harvested for human consumption and provides data ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Nicholas Bachand André Ravel Patrick Leighton Craig Stephen Momar Ndao Ellen Avard Emily Jenkins |
author_facet |
Nicholas Bachand André Ravel Patrick Leighton Craig Stephen Momar Ndao Ellen Avard Emily Jenkins |
author_sort |
Nicholas Bachand |
title |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_short |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_full |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_fullStr |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_sort |
serological and molecular detection of toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in nunavik, canada |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 https://doaj.org/article/e71e8c07998b494fbe635496c54591b0 |
geographic |
Nunavik Canada |
geographic_facet |
Nunavik Canada |
genre |
Branta canadensis inuit Odobenus rosmarus Pusa hispida Rangifer tarandus Nunavik walrus* |
genre_facet |
Branta canadensis inuit Odobenus rosmarus Pusa hispida Rangifer tarandus Nunavik walrus* |
op_source |
Parasites & Vectors, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2019) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 https://doaj.org/toc/1756-3305 doi:10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 1756-3305 https://doaj.org/article/e71e8c07998b494fbe635496c54591b0 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 |
container_title |
Parasites & Vectors |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766381073768382464 |