Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma.
BACKGROUND:Histoplasma capsulatum comprises a worldwide complex of saprobiotic fungi mainly found in nitrogen/phosphate (often bird guano) enriched soils. The microconidia of Histoplasma species may be inhaled by mammalian hosts, and is followed by a rapid conversion to yeast that can persist in hos...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e69f313daac24ce99da7e81939ba309f 2023-05-15T15:15:11+02:00 Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. Marcus de M Teixeira José S L Patané Maria L Taylor Beatriz L Gómez Raquel C Theodoro Sybren de Hoog David M Engelthaler Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira Maria S S Felipe Bridget M Barker 2016-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004732 https://doaj.org/article/e69f313daac24ce99da7e81939ba309f EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4889077?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004732 https://doaj.org/article/e69f313daac24ce99da7e81939ba309f PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 6, p e0004732 (2016) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004732 2022-12-31T12:07:30Z BACKGROUND:Histoplasma capsulatum comprises a worldwide complex of saprobiotic fungi mainly found in nitrogen/phosphate (often bird guano) enriched soils. The microconidia of Histoplasma species may be inhaled by mammalian hosts, and is followed by a rapid conversion to yeast that can persist in host tissues causing histoplasmosis, a deep pulmonary/systemic mycosis. Histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato is a complex of at least eight clades geographically distributed as follows: Australia, Netherlands, Eurasia, North American classes 1 and 2 (NAm 1 and NAm 2), Latin American groups A and B (LAm A and LAm B) and Africa. With the exception of the Eurasian cluster, those clades are considered phylogenetic species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Increased Histoplasma sampling (n = 234) resulted in the revision of the phylogenetic distribution and population structure using 1,563 aligned nucleotides from four protein-coding regions. The LAm B clade appears to be divided into at least two highly supported clades, which are geographically restricted to either Colombia/Argentina or Brazil respectively. Moreover, a complex population genetic structure was identified within LAm A clade supporting multiple monophylogenetic species, which could be driven by rapid host or environmental adaptation (~0.5 MYA). We found two divergent clades, which include Latin American isolates (newly named as LAm A1 and LAm A2), harboring a cryptic cluster in association with bats. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:At least six new phylogenetic species are proposed in the Histoplasma species complex supported by different phylogenetic and population genetics methods, comprising LAm A1, LAm A2, LAm B1, LAm B2, RJ and BAC-1 phylogenetic species. The genetic isolation of Histoplasma could be a result of differential dispersion potential of naturally infected bats and other mammals. In addition, the present study guides isolate selection for future population genomics and genome wide association studies in this important pathogen complex. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Argentina Guano ENVELOPE(141.604,141.604,-66.775,-66.775) PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10 6 e0004732 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Marcus de M Teixeira José S L Patané Maria L Taylor Beatriz L Gómez Raquel C Theodoro Sybren de Hoog David M Engelthaler Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira Maria S S Felipe Bridget M Barker Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Histoplasma capsulatum comprises a worldwide complex of saprobiotic fungi mainly found in nitrogen/phosphate (often bird guano) enriched soils. The microconidia of Histoplasma species may be inhaled by mammalian hosts, and is followed by a rapid conversion to yeast that can persist in host tissues causing histoplasmosis, a deep pulmonary/systemic mycosis. Histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato is a complex of at least eight clades geographically distributed as follows: Australia, Netherlands, Eurasia, North American classes 1 and 2 (NAm 1 and NAm 2), Latin American groups A and B (LAm A and LAm B) and Africa. With the exception of the Eurasian cluster, those clades are considered phylogenetic species. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Increased Histoplasma sampling (n = 234) resulted in the revision of the phylogenetic distribution and population structure using 1,563 aligned nucleotides from four protein-coding regions. The LAm B clade appears to be divided into at least two highly supported clades, which are geographically restricted to either Colombia/Argentina or Brazil respectively. Moreover, a complex population genetic structure was identified within LAm A clade supporting multiple monophylogenetic species, which could be driven by rapid host or environmental adaptation (~0.5 MYA). We found two divergent clades, which include Latin American isolates (newly named as LAm A1 and LAm A2), harboring a cryptic cluster in association with bats. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:At least six new phylogenetic species are proposed in the Histoplasma species complex supported by different phylogenetic and population genetics methods, comprising LAm A1, LAm A2, LAm B1, LAm B2, RJ and BAC-1 phylogenetic species. The genetic isolation of Histoplasma could be a result of differential dispersion potential of naturally infected bats and other mammals. In addition, the present study guides isolate selection for future population genomics and genome wide association studies in this important pathogen complex. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Marcus de M Teixeira José S L Patané Maria L Taylor Beatriz L Gómez Raquel C Theodoro Sybren de Hoog David M Engelthaler Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira Maria S S Felipe Bridget M Barker |
author_facet |
Marcus de M Teixeira José S L Patané Maria L Taylor Beatriz L Gómez Raquel C Theodoro Sybren de Hoog David M Engelthaler Rosely M Zancopé-Oliveira Maria S S Felipe Bridget M Barker |
author_sort |
Marcus de M Teixeira |
title |
Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. |
title_short |
Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. |
title_full |
Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. |
title_fullStr |
Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Worldwide Phylogenetic Distributions and Population Dynamics of the Genus Histoplasma. |
title_sort |
worldwide phylogenetic distributions and population dynamics of the genus histoplasma. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004732 https://doaj.org/article/e69f313daac24ce99da7e81939ba309f |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(141.604,141.604,-66.775,-66.775) |
geographic |
Arctic Argentina Guano |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Argentina Guano |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 6, p e0004732 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4889077?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004732 https://doaj.org/article/e69f313daac24ce99da7e81939ba309f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004732 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
e0004732 |
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1766345565525770240 |