Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath
During past geological times, the Earth experienced several intervals of global warmth, but their driving factors remain equivocal. A careful appraisal of the main processes controlling past warm events is essential to inform future climates and ultimately provide decision makers with a clear unders...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:e684b0587d7c4630a8549046e9039339 2023-05-15T16:41:31+02:00 Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath M. Laugié Y. Donnadieu J.-B. Ladant J. A. M. Green L. Bopp F. Raisson 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-953-2020 https://doaj.org/article/e684b0587d7c4630a8549046e9039339 EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.clim-past.net/16/953/2020/cp-16-953-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-16-953-2020 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://doaj.org/article/e684b0587d7c4630a8549046e9039339 Climate of the Past, Vol 16, Pp 953-971 (2020) Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-953-2020 2022-12-31T01:46:38Z During past geological times, the Earth experienced several intervals of global warmth, but their driving factors remain equivocal. A careful appraisal of the main processes controlling past warm events is essential to inform future climates and ultimately provide decision makers with a clear understanding of the processes at play in a warmer world. In this context, intervals of greenhouse climates, such as the thermal maximum of the Cenomanian–Turonian ( ∼94 Ma) during the Cretaceous Period, are of particular interest. Here we use the IPSL-CM5A2 (IPSL: Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace) Earth system model to unravel the forcing parameters of the Cenomanian–Turonian greenhouse climate. We perform six simulations with an incremental change in five major boundary conditions in order to isolate their respective role on climate change between the Cenomanian–Turonian and the preindustrial. Starting with a preindustrial simulation, we implement the following changes in boundary conditions: (1) the absence of polar ice sheets, (2) the increase in atmospheric p CO 2 to 1120 ppm, (3) the change in vegetation and soil parameters, (4) the 1 % decrease in the Cenomanian–Turonian value of the solar constant and (5) the Cenomanian–Turonian palaeogeography. Between the preindustrial simulation and the Cretaceous simulation, the model simulates a global warming of more than 11 ∘ C. Most of this warming is driven by the increase in atmospheric p CO 2 to 1120 ppm. Palaeogeographic changes represent the second major contributor to global warming, whereas the reduction in the solar constant counteracts most of geographically driven warming. We further demonstrate that the implementation of Cenomanian–Turonian boundary conditions flattens meridional temperature gradients compared to the preindustrial simulation. Interestingly, we show that palaeogeography is the major driver of the flattening in the low latitudes to midlatitudes, whereas p CO 2 rise and polar ice sheet retreat dominate the high-latitude response. Article in Journal/Newspaper Ice Sheet Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Laplace ENVELOPE(141.467,141.467,-66.782,-66.782) Climate of the Past 16 3 953 971 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 M. Laugié Y. Donnadieu J.-B. Ladant J. A. M. Green L. Bopp F. Raisson Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath |
topic_facet |
Environmental pollution TD172-193.5 Environmental protection TD169-171.8 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
During past geological times, the Earth experienced several intervals of global warmth, but their driving factors remain equivocal. A careful appraisal of the main processes controlling past warm events is essential to inform future climates and ultimately provide decision makers with a clear understanding of the processes at play in a warmer world. In this context, intervals of greenhouse climates, such as the thermal maximum of the Cenomanian–Turonian ( ∼94 Ma) during the Cretaceous Period, are of particular interest. Here we use the IPSL-CM5A2 (IPSL: Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace) Earth system model to unravel the forcing parameters of the Cenomanian–Turonian greenhouse climate. We perform six simulations with an incremental change in five major boundary conditions in order to isolate their respective role on climate change between the Cenomanian–Turonian and the preindustrial. Starting with a preindustrial simulation, we implement the following changes in boundary conditions: (1) the absence of polar ice sheets, (2) the increase in atmospheric p CO 2 to 1120 ppm, (3) the change in vegetation and soil parameters, (4) the 1 % decrease in the Cenomanian–Turonian value of the solar constant and (5) the Cenomanian–Turonian palaeogeography. Between the preindustrial simulation and the Cretaceous simulation, the model simulates a global warming of more than 11 ∘ C. Most of this warming is driven by the increase in atmospheric p CO 2 to 1120 ppm. Palaeogeographic changes represent the second major contributor to global warming, whereas the reduction in the solar constant counteracts most of geographically driven warming. We further demonstrate that the implementation of Cenomanian–Turonian boundary conditions flattens meridional temperature gradients compared to the preindustrial simulation. Interestingly, we show that palaeogeography is the major driver of the flattening in the low latitudes to midlatitudes, whereas p CO 2 rise and polar ice sheet retreat dominate the high-latitude response. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
M. Laugié Y. Donnadieu J.-B. Ladant J. A. M. Green L. Bopp F. Raisson |
author_facet |
M. Laugié Y. Donnadieu J.-B. Ladant J. A. M. Green L. Bopp F. Raisson |
author_sort |
M. Laugié |
title |
Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath |
title_short |
Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath |
title_full |
Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath |
title_fullStr |
Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stripping back the modern to reveal the Cenomanian–Turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath |
title_sort |
stripping back the modern to reveal the cenomanian–turonian climate and temperature gradient underneath |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-953-2020 https://doaj.org/article/e684b0587d7c4630a8549046e9039339 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(141.467,141.467,-66.782,-66.782) |
geographic |
Laplace |
geographic_facet |
Laplace |
genre |
Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Ice Sheet |
op_source |
Climate of the Past, Vol 16, Pp 953-971 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.clim-past.net/16/953/2020/cp-16-953-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9324 https://doaj.org/toc/1814-9332 doi:10.5194/cp-16-953-2020 1814-9324 1814-9332 https://doaj.org/article/e684b0587d7c4630a8549046e9039339 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-953-2020 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
953 |
op_container_end_page |
971 |
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1766031958165422080 |